2015年湖北考研英語(yǔ)精選模擬試卷及答案解析一

湖北2015年考研英語(yǔ)精選模擬試卷及答案解析一

　　
Section ⅠUse of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.( 10 points )

　　In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had 1 that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that 2 variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the 3 are not solely fixed by the genes.

　　4，the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly 5 instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the two. An illustration best 6 the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that, shortly 7 they hatch, ducklings fix 8 any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are 9 for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably 10, even ones that have a considerable base 11 by genetics.

　　Even among the social insects something like imprinting 12 influence social behavior. For example, biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely 13 instinct. But, in examining a "dance" that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. At a higher level, the genetic base seems to be much more for an all　purpose learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally 14 very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or 15 fail to nurture the young. She believes that these females were the youngest or the 16 child of a mother. In such circumstances, they did not have the opportunity to observe how their own mother 17 for her young. Certainly adolescent chimps who are still with their mothers when other young are born take much interest in the rearing of their young brother or sister. They have an excellent opportunity to learn, and the social ties that are created between mother and young 18 Goodall to describe the social unit as a family. The mother　offspring tie is beyond 19;there is some evidence to 20 that ties also continue between siblings of the same sex, that is "brother　brother" and "sister　sister".

　　1　A　assumedB　adoptedC　believedD　surmised

　　2　A　considerateB　consideratedC　considerableD　considering

　　3　A　statuesB　statusesC　statutesD　statures

　　4　A　What　s moreB　HenceC　ButD　However

　　5　A　notB　onlyC　butD　solely

　　6　A　clarifiesB　classifiesC　definesD　outlines

　　7　A　thanB　beforeC　whenD　after

　　8　A　onB　withC　inD　within

　　9　A　appropriatedB　substitutedC　assignedD　distributed

　　10　A　variedB　deviatedC　differedD　altered

　　11　A　fashionedB　modifiedC　influencedD　affected

　　12　A　mayB　shouldC　mustD　can

　　13　A　byB　out ofC　fromD　through

　　14　A　proveB　makeC　turnD　create

　　15　A　otherwiseB　stillC　yetD　even

　　16　A　oneB　soleC　singleD　only

　　17　A　lookedB　attendedC　caredD　provided

　　18　A　guideB　causeC　directD　lead

　　19　A　limitationB　imaginationC　doubtD　expectation

　　20　A　adviseB　hintC　implyD　suggest

　　Section ⅡReading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D　 Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1　(40 points)

　　Text 1

　　New figures from France,Germany and Italy-the three biggest economies in the 12 country Eurozone -suggest the continent's economic woes may have been exaggerated.In France, evidence emerged that consumer spending remained solid in July and August,rising 1.4%and 0.6%respectively.Forecasters had generally expected the July figure to show a 0.1% slippage,with August unchanged.But the figures were flattered slightly by a down grade to the June figure,to 0.7% from1.5%.

　　With manufacturing in the doldrums across Europe and the US,consumer spending has been increasingly seen as the best hope of stopping the global economic slowdown from turning into a recession.The French government said the news proved that the economy was holding up to the strain of the slowdown.

　　Meanwhile in Germany,new regional price figures went someway towards calming fears about inflation in Europe's largest economy-a key reason for the European Central Bank's reluctance to cut interest 15 states said consumer prices were broadly stable,with inflation falling year on year.The information backed economists' expectations that inflation for the country as a whole is set to fall back to a yearly rate of 2.1%,compared to a yearly rate of 2.6% in August,closing in on the Euro　wide target of 2%.The drop is partly due to last year's spike in oil prices dropping out of the year　on　year calculation.

　　The icing on the cake was news that Italy's job market has remained buoyant.The country's July unemployment rate dropped to 9.4% from 9.6% the month before,its lowest level in more than eight years.And a business confidence survey from quasi　governmental research group ISAE told of a general pick　up in demand in the six weeks to early September.But the news was tempered by an announcement by Alitalia,the country's biggest airline,that it will have to get rid of 2，500 staff to cope with the expected contraction as well as selling 12 aeroplanes. And industrial group Confindustria warned that the attacks on US targetsmeant growth will be about 1.9% this year,well short of the government's 2.4% target. And it said the budget deficit will probably be about 1.5%,nearly twice the 0.8% Italy's government has promised its European Union partners.

　　21　We know from the first paragraph that.

　　A　new figures from the three European countries show the prediction of forecasters is exactly right

　　B　European economy gets on better than forecasters have predicted

　　C　all of the forecasters expect the fully figure to show a reduction

　　D　in three European countries the consumer spending continues to rise

　　22　The term"in the doldrums"in Paragraph 2 refers to .

　　A　in the process of rising B　experiencing a sharp turning

　　C　in the recessionD　rising rapidly

　　23　Which of the following statements is true according to the text?.

　　A　The reason for the ECB's unwilling to cut interest rates is inflation was actually expected to fall in Germany

　　B　In Germany consumer prices were falling

　　C　Last year's oil prices dropping out of the year　on　year calculation directly leads to the drop of inflation

　　D　The European Central Bank is willing to cut interest rate

#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

　　24　ln this passage,the word"buoyant" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to the word.

　　A　depressingB　gloomyC　activeD　calm

　　25　lndustrial group Confindustria warned that.

　　A　the attacks on US targets lead to the comparatively lower growth

　　B　the growth had been well short of the government's target

　　C　the budget deficit must be about 1.5%

　　D　the budget deficit will probably be great different from the country's promise

　　Text 2

　　Survey results indicate that smoking and alcohol and marijuana use increased among residents of Manhattan during the 5～8 weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center which took place on September 11, 2001. Almost one　third of the nearly 1,000 persons interviewed reported an increased use of alcohol, marijuana, or cigarettes following the September 11th attacks. The largest increase was in alcohol use. About one　fourth of the respondents said they were drinking more alcohol in the weeks after September 11; about 10% reported an increase in smoking, and 3.2% said they had increased their use of marijuana.

　　The investigators found survey participants by randomly dialing New York City phone numbers and screened potential respondents for Manhattan residents living in areas close to the World Trade Center. Interviews were conducted with 988 inpiduals between October 16 and November 15, 2001. Participants were asked about their cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use habits before and after September 11. During the week prior to September 11, 2001, 22.6% of the participants reported smoking cigarettes, 59.1% drinking alcohol, and 4.4% using marijuana. After September 11th, 23.4% reported smoking cigarettes, 64.4% drinking alcohol, and 5.7% smoking marijuana. Among those who smoked, almost 10% reported smoking at least an extra pack of cigarettes a week and among those who drank alcohol, more than 20% reported imbibing at least one extra drink a day.

　　The researchers found that people who reported an increase in substance abuse were more likely to suffer from post　traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and from depression. People who reported an increase in cigarette smoking or marijuana use were also more likely to have both PTSD and depression, while those who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have depression only. Persons who were living closer to the World Trade Center were more likely to increase their cigarette smoking, but other factors such as being displaced from home, losing possessions during the attacks, or being involved in the rescue efforts were not consistently associated with increased substance use. Symptoms of panic attack were associated with an increase in the use of all substances.

　　Increase in substance abuse did not differ significantly between men and women or among racial or ethnic groups. Demographic factors such as age, marital status, and income seemed to play a more critical role in determining if the events of September 11th led to an increase in substance use.

　　26. The survey results suggest that the largest increase in substance use was .

　　A　 alcoholB　 marijuanaC　 cigarettesD　 cocaine

　　27. The survey participants were .

　　A　 randomly selected United States citizens

　　B　 randomly selected New York City citizens

　　C　 randomly selected Manhattan residents who live close to the World Trade Center

　　D　 randomly selected American citizens who witnessed the terrorist attack

　　28. The author is trying to show that .

　　A　 use of substances may vary from time to time

　　B　 abuse of certain substances is harmful for health

　　C　 the attack of september 11th has left incurable harm to people　s mental health

　　D　 terrorist attack increase anxiety and sense of insecurity among residents

　　29. What can be said about substance abuse after September 11?

　　A　 People who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have PTSD.

　　B　 People who were living closer to World Trade Center were most likely to increase cigarette smoking.

　　C　 Displacement from home and involvement in rescue efforts were consistently associated with increased substance use.

　　D　 Symptoms of panic attach were unrelated with increased use of substances.

　　30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

　　A　 Demographic information such as gender, race and marital status was not collected.

　　B　 Gender and race do not have much effect on the amount of substance abuse.

　　C　 Age and marital status do not make any difference on substance abuse.

　　D　 Income is a better predictor of substance abuse than age.

　　Text 3

　　The entrepreneur, according to French economist J.B. Say, "is a person who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and yield."But Say　s definition does not tell us who this entrepreneur is. Some define the entrepreneur simply as one who starts his or her own new and small business. For our purposes, we will define the entrepreneur as a person who takes the necessary risks to organize and manage a business and receives the financial profits and nonmonetary rewards.

　　The man who opens a small pizza restaurant is in business, but is he an entrepreneur? He took a risk and did something, but did he shift resources or start the business? If the answer is yes, then he is considered an entrepreneur. Ray Kroc is an example of an entrepreneur because he founded and established McDonald　s. His hamburgers were not a new idea, but he applied new techniques, resource allocations, and organizational methods in his venture. Ray Kroc upgraded the productivity and yield from the resources applied to create his fast　food chain. This is what entrepreneurs do; this is what entrepreneurship means.

　　Many of the sharp, black　and　white contrasts between the entrepreneur and the professional have faced to a gray color. Formerly, professionals such as doctors, lawyers, dentists, and accountants were not supposed to be entrepreneurial, aggressive, or market oriented. They were "above" the market　driven world. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, were the mavericks of society. They were risk　takers who aggressively sought to make something happen. Long hours were about all the two worlds had in common. However, increased competition, saturated markets, and a more price　conscious public have changed the world of the professionals. Today they need to market their skills, talents, and competencies; Lawyers advertise their services. Doctors specialize in one form of surgery. Accounting firms join with other businesses(e.g., consulting and law) to serve clients.

　　Entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors; searching for a specific personality pattern is very difficult. Some entrepreneurs are quiet, introverted, and analytical. On the other hand, some are brash, extroverted, and very emotional. many of them share some qualities. Viewing change as the norm, entrepreneurs usually search for it, respond to it, and treat it as an opportunity. An entrepreneur such as Ray Kroc of McDonald　s is able to take resources and shift them to meet a need. Making the decision to shift resources works better if a person is creative, experienced, and confident.

　　31.According to the first paragraph, who can be regarded as an entrepreneur?

　　A.The CEO of a big company.

　　B.The owner of a profitable restaurant.

　　C.A man who started a new kind of business but eventually failed after 5 years because of some financial problems.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

　　D.A successful salesman.

　　32.Which of the followings are necessary for an entrepreneur?

　　
①a resource shifter
②one who starts a new business

　　
③non　professional
④money　gaining

　　
⑤a risk taker

　　A.
①
②
③B.
①
②
④
⑤C.
①
②
⑤D.
①
②
③
④
⑤

　　33.From the text, we learn that .

　　A.an entrepreneur should be very extroverted

　　B.an entrepreneur should be quick to seize opportunities

　　C.change is not norm in an entrepreneur　s eyes

　　D.the French economist J.B. Say is the first person who gave the definition of "entrepreneur"

　　34.The purpose of the author in writing the passage is to .

　　A.complete the definition of entrepreneur

　　B.tell the readers what is entrepreneur and the main characteristics of entrepreneurs

　　C.show what kind of people can become entrepreneurs

　　D.illustrate why Ray Kroc can become an entrepreneur

　　35.What will most possibly follow the text?

　　A.An example of how an entrepreneur operates.

　　B.Another theory about entrepreneurship.

　　C.The bad effects of entrepreneurs.

　　D.The good effects of entrepreneurs.

　　Text 4

　　Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials.For the artist this means wider opportunities.There is no doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a man's work.Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture.Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an object,to see its various sides superimposed on each other(as in Cubism or in an X　ray).Today,welding is as prevalent as casting was in the past.This new method encourages open designs,where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself.

　　More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists,but no less influential,are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers,discoveries that have infiltrated recent art,especially Surrealism.The Surrealists,in their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life,claimed that dreams were the only hope.Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious,they banished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past,present and intervening psychological states.The Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping forms.Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences.For them,obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional message of expressionism.They did not need to smash paint and canvas;they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought.

　　There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life.In a period when science has made revolutionary strides,artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories.But this has rarely been a one　way street.Painters and sculptors,though admittedly influenced by modern science,have also molded and changed our world.If break　up has been a vital part of their expression,it has not always been a symbol of destruction.Quite the contrary:it has been used to examine more fully,to penetrate more deeply,to analyze more thoroughly,to enlarge,isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of life that earlier we were apt to neglect.In addition,it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so organized as not merely to reflect our world,but in fact to interpret it.

　　36.According to the passage,it is true that.

　　A　 artistic creations seem to be the reproductions of modern technology

　　B　 artistic creations have made great strides scientifically

　　C　 artistic creations appear to be incapable of ignoring material advances

　　D　 artistic creations are the reflection of the material world

　　37.The welding techniques.

　　A　 can cause a lot of changes in sculpture arts

　　B　 permit details of an object to be seen clearly

　　C　 can superimpose multiple sides of sculptor's designs

　　D　 can make artists adaptable to be surroundings

　　38.We can learn from the text that Freud's studies.

　　A　 are more ambiguous than any other scientific invention

　　B　 have influenced other scientific inventions

　　C　 cause Surrealism

　　D　 have infiltrated Surrealism

　　39.Which of the following is true about Surrealists?

　　A　 They diminished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dream experiences.

　　B　 They tried to express their subconscious world.

　　C　 They could transform real existence into incoherent dreams.

　　D　 They wanted to substitute direct expressions for fragmented images.

　　40.The sentence "But this has rarely been a one　way street."in the last paragraph means that.

　　A　 contemporary art has been nourished by modern science

　　B　 modern science has been nourished by art

　　C　 artists can become scientists and scientists can become artists

　　D　 the impacts of modern art and science are actually mutual

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　In the following article,some sentences have been removed .For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

　　Aremote Patagonian town that's just beginning to prosper by guiding tourists through the virgin forests nearby is being shaken by the realization that it's sitting on a gold mine. Literally. 41)___________________________________________________________________

　　Esquel's plight is winning attention from international conservation and environmental groups such as Greenpeace. 42)__________________________

　　About 3.2 million acres already are under contract for mineral exploration in poor and sparsely settled Chubut Province, where Esquel is, near the southern tip of South America. 43)______________________________________

　　Meridian's project, about 5 miles outside Esquel at a higher elevation, is about 20 miles from a national park that preserves rate trees known as alerces, a southern relative of California's giant sequoia. Some of them have been growing serenely in the temperate rain forest for more than 3,000 years.

　　The greatest fear is that cyanide, which is used to leach gold from ore, will drain downhill and poison Esquel's and possibly the park's water supplies. The mine will use 180 tons of the deadly chemical each month. Although many townspeople and some geologists disagree, the company says any excess cyanide would drain away from Esquel.

　　"We won't allow them to tear things up and leave us with the toxic aftermath," said Felix Aguilar, 28, as he piloted a boatload of tourists through a lake in the Alerces National Park."We take care of things here, so that the entire world can hear and see nature in its pure state. The world must help us prevent this."#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

　　44)__________________________________________________________________________

　　A young English botanist named Charles Darwin, the author of the theory of evolution, was the first European to see alerces, with trunks that had a circumference of 130 feet. He gave the tree its generic name, Fitzroya cupressoides, for the captain of his ship, Robert Fitzroy.

　　Argentina, pressed by the United States, Canada, the World Bank and other global lenders, rewrote its mining laws in the 1990s to encourage foreign investment.45)________________________________________

　　Argentina took in more than$1 billion over the past decade by granting exploration contracts for precious metals to more than 70 foreign and domestic companies. If the country were to turn away a major investor, the message to its mining sector would be chilling.

　　[A]Whether Meridian Gold Corp. gets its open　pit gold mine outside Esquel could determine the fate of mining in Patagonia, a pristine region spanning southern Argentina and Chile.

　　[B]Forest ecologist Paul Alaback, a University of Montana professor who studies the alerces, said Argentine authorities could gain from Alaska's successful nature　based tourism.

　　[C]More than 3,000 worried Esquel residents recently took to the streets in protests aimed at assuring that their neat community of 28,000 becomes a ecotourism center, not a gold　rush town.

　　[D]American Douglas Tomkins,the founder of the Esprit clothing line and a prominent global conservationist, has bought more than 800,000 wilderness acres in Chile to preserve alerces and protect what's left of the temperate rain forest. Ted Turner, the communications magnate, also has bought land in Argentine Patagonia with an eye to conservation.

　　[E]Residents also complain that Argentina hasn't given nature　based tourism a chance.

　　[F]Mining companies received incentives such as 30 years without new taxes and duty　free imports of earth　moving equipment.

　　[G]In Argentina, the town has become a national symbol in the debate over exploitation vs. preservation of the country's vast natural resources.

　　Part C

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

　　For better or worse,multiple marriages aren't just for actress Elizabeth Taylor (renowned for her eight marriages) anymore.

　　More Americans than ever are tying the knot (getting married) for the third time or more.

　　Lynn Y. Naugle Haspel,a 53　year　old family therapist in New Orleans,says that people's personal needs and desires simply changes as their life evolves.

　　"What functions well in the first part of our lives may not function well in the second or third parts of our lives,"she explains.She didn't start her career as a therapist until her children from her first marriage went to school.That marriage lasted 21 years,her second marriage five years.Two years ago,she wed for a third time,and she describes this union as an "extremely easy marriage".

　　Today,at an estimated one of seven weddings,the bride,the groom or both are making that trip down the aisle for at least the third time.That's twice as many as a generation ago,according to the US National Centre for Health Statistics.

　　46)In part,the surge in multiple marriages is a side effect of the 1970s porce boom that has supplied an ever　expanding pool of porced singles.Even the simple fact that people are living longer has opened the door to marrying more often.No　fault porce laws (meaning no one is blamed for the failure of the marriage),and cultural changes have also meant there's less peer pressure than in past generations to stay in a joyless or abusive marriage.

　　47)While a single porce didn't block either Ronald Reagan or Bob Dole from seeking the most highly scrutinized job in America - the US presidency - modern society still raises an eyebrow at more than one matrimonial mistake.

　　Indeed,there are signs that attitudes are changing.Even the language is softening.Clinical papers in social science journals no longer probe for "neurosis" or mental depressive disorder among the "porce prone". More and more marriages are said to "end," not "fail," and one author has coined the term "encore marriages".

　　"It's coming out of the closet or becoming more accepted," says Glenda Riley,a Ball State University professor who wrote a book on the history of porce in the US.48)"There's still embarrassment on the personal level,while there is growing acceptance on the public level" for three or more marriages in a lifetime.

　　49)Some experts say that the trend toward multiple marriages shows an erosion in Americans' capacity for commitment."We live in the age of light.We have light cream cheese,light beer,light mayonnaise,"says Wayne Sotile,a psychologist and marriage counselor in Winston　Salem,North Carolina.But,he adds,"There's no such thing as light,long　term,intimate,romantic marriage.You've got to commit yourself to those things."

　　There's no guarantee,of course,that the third time is the best.50)To the contrary,second and third marriages run an equal or greater risk of porce than first marriages,which today are given 4　out　of　10 odds of failing,and they tend to end more quickly.Divorce statistics show that failed second marriages typically end two years sooner than first marriages,lasting six years on average rather than eight.That leaves some doubly porced people open for a third try at a relatively young age.

　　
Section Ⅲ Writing

　　Part A

　　51.Direction:

　　You've just come back from a tour in JiuZhaiGou, and you're writing to your friend Mary.

　　1)tell her that you've been back at the very day

　　2)share your travelling experience with her

　　3)invite her to a tour in ZhangJiajie in the coming year

　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Jane" instead. You do not need to wirte the address.(10 points)

　　Part B

　　52.Direction:study the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 200 words.In the essay you should

　　1)interpret the picture's meaning

　　2)give your comments on the phenomenon

　　3)give your suggestions to solve the problem

　　
答 案

　　Section Ⅰ Use of English

　　1　A　assumed

　　根據(jù)題意，"早期的科學(xué)家，假定非人類動(dòng)物的社會(huì)生活幾乎完全是天生的，或是由遺傳決定的",assume多用于未證實(shí)的假定;adopt 意為"采用，接受";believe 意為"相信";surmise 意為"猜測(cè)，推測(cè)"，相當(dāng)于"guess"。如：She surmised as much. 她如此猜測(cè)。

　　2　C　considerable

　　considerate 意為"體諒的，為別人著想的";considered 意為"經(jīng)過考慮的，被尊重的";considerable 意為"相當(dāng)多的，可觀的";considering 意為"就……而論"。顯然A、B、D項(xiàng)意思不符。

　　3　B　statuses

　　statue 意為"雕像、塑像";status 意為"身份、地位";statute 意為"成文法，法規(guī)";stature 意為"身材，身高"。由句意，A、C、D項(xiàng)很容易被排除。#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

　　4　A 　What's more

　　上一段提到"學(xué)習(xí)是動(dòng)物的社會(huì)生活的一部分"，第二段接著講"學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)生在動(dòng)物小時(shí)候的印象中期"，兩段間不存在遞進(jìn)(What　s more)或因果(Hence)關(guān)系。而but表轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)，一般不與句子分開，所以A項(xiàng)What's more為最佳答 案。

　　5　A　not

　　根據(jù)上下文，"印象"不是天生的，而是經(jīng)過學(xué)習(xí)得到的。

　　6　A　clarifies

　　A項(xiàng)clarify "使清楚，闡明"。B項(xiàng)classify "分類，使……成為機(jī)密"。C項(xiàng)define "下定義，界定"。D項(xiàng)outline "畫輪廓，作大綱"。

　　原文的意思是"一個(gè)例證很好地闡明了'印象'的本質(zhì)"。所以A項(xiàng)clarifies最適合題意。

　　7　D　after

　　shortly after 為固定詞組，意思是"……之后立即"。

　　8　A　on

　　fix on為固定搭配，意思是"選定"。

　　例如：I　ve fixed on a little house near Paris. 我已選定了巴黎附近的一間小房子。

　　9　B　substituted

　　substituted A for B，意思是"用A代替B"。

　　這句話是說"如果在'印象'發(fā)生時(shí)，用籃球或公文包代替母鴨，小鴨子也許會(huì)跟隨它們。"

　　appropriate 意為"撥作(款項(xiàng)等)供專用"，如：10,000 dollars have been appropriated for the new school building. (已撥款)1萬美元為建新校舍之用。

　　10　D　altered

　　A項(xiàng)vary "變化，使不同(強(qiáng)調(diào)范圍變化)"，多用在"vary from…to…"中。B項(xiàng)deviate "越出正軌，違反"。C項(xiàng)differ "使相異"。D項(xiàng)alter "改變，更改"，相當(dāng)于change。

　　11　A　fashioned

　　fashion 在這里作動(dòng)詞，意為"構(gòu)成，做成……形狀"。如：fashion a lump of clay into a bowl 用粘土塑成碗。

　　12　C　must

　　這里考查的是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。由蜜蜂的例子可以看出，甚至在昆蟲之中，類似"印象"的東西也必然影響著其他社會(huì)行為，may、 should、 can的語(yǔ)氣均不如must強(qiáng)。

　　13　A　by

　　by instinct 為固定用法，意思是"出于本能"。

　　例如：Birds learn to fly by instinct. 鳥靠本能學(xué)會(huì)飛行。

　　14　B　make

　　make在這里的意思是"變?yōu)椋C明為"，例如：He will make her a good husband. 他將成為她的好丈夫。

　　這句話的意思是說"大猩猩通常會(huì)成為很好的母親。"

　　15　D　even

　　otherwise意為"在不同情況下，在其他方面"。例如：

　　The rent is high, but otherwise the house is satisfactory. 租金很貴，但在其他方面，這座房子還令人滿意。

　　16　D　only

　　A項(xiàng)only child為固定用法，意思是"獨(dú)生子"。

　　17　C　cared

　　cared for 意思是"關(guān)心，照料"。look for "尋找"。

　　attend 一般與on/upon連用，意思是"看護(hù)，照料"，例如：

　　She has three servants attending upon her. 她有三個(gè)仆人伺候。

　　provide for "準(zhǔn)備，扶養(yǎng)"。例如：He has a large family to provide for. 他有一大家子要養(yǎng)。

　　provide for 作"扶養(yǎng)"時(shí)，多指提供食物，所以四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有C項(xiàng)最合題意。

　　18　D　lead

　　lead sb. to do sth. 意思是"領(lǐng)導(dǎo)……的行動(dòng)和意見;影響，引誘"。例如：

　　What led you to this conclusion? 什么使你下這個(gè)結(jié)論?

　　I　m led to believe his words. 某些事實(shí)使我相信他所說的。

　　19　C　doubt

　　A項(xiàng)beyond limitation "超出限制范圍，不受限制"。B項(xiàng)beyond imagination "不可想像"。C項(xiàng)beyond doubt "不容置疑"。D項(xiàng)beyond expectation "出乎意料"。

　　這句話的意思是"母子之間的聯(lián)系是毫無疑問的"，所以C項(xiàng)doubt為最佳選擇。

　　20　D　suggest

　　advise 意為"建議";hint, imply 意為"暗示";suggest 意為"表明，顯示"。

　　如：Your wheezing breathing suggests asthma. 你的哮喘顯示你可能患哮喘病。

　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Text 1

　　詞語(yǔ)注釋

　　woe 痛苦slippage 下滑

　　contraction 縮減temper 緩解

　　文章概要

　　本文主要講歐洲三大國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)狀。

　　Para.1：新數(shù)據(jù)顯示歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況比預(yù)測(cè)的要好。

　　Para.2：通貨膨脹率下降。

　　Para.3-4：失業(yè)率居高不下，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率過低，財(cái)政赤字增大。

　　答 案點(diǎn)評(píng)

　　21　B由第一段第一句：從法國(guó)等國(guó)獲得的新數(shù)據(jù)表明，對(duì)歐洲大陸的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的預(yù)測(cè)可能有所夸大，A項(xiàng)"來自于三個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家的新數(shù)據(jù)顯示預(yù)測(cè)者們的預(yù)測(cè)是完全正確的"與題意不符，B項(xiàng)"歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)的進(jìn)展比預(yù)測(cè)者們的預(yù)測(cè)要好些"顯然符合題意。C項(xiàng)說"all of the forecasters 則與文中"Forecasters had generally expected"不符，過于絕對(duì)。D項(xiàng)中指三個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家的消費(fèi)情況，文中則僅談到France，所以D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。"

　　22　C這個(gè)短語(yǔ)的意思可由第一段乃至全文的意思推導(dǎo)出來。注意：這是一道詞匯題，在解這類題時(shí)，要向上或向下最接近本詞的地方尋找答 案，它正是包含在你對(duì)文章的正確理解中。根據(jù)我們知道的歐洲大陸正面臨著經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的情況A、D必然不是正確選項(xiàng)，而B說"正在經(jīng)歷一場(chǎng)大的轉(zhuǎn)折"則較籠統(tǒng)，并且文中并未表示這層含義，所以只能選C。

　　23　A如第三段所說，"德國(guó)作為歐洲最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)國(guó)，其新的區(qū)域價(jià)格指數(shù)在一定程度上安撫了人們對(duì)于通貨膨脹的恐懼。這是歐洲中央銀行直到"9.11"襲擊幾天之后才決定降低利率的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵原因。因此A頂說"ECB不愿降低利率的原因是期望通貨膨脹可以降低"是正確的。C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在"directly"，油價(jià)下跌只是部分原因。

　　24　C對(duì)這一詞的理解要從下面的敘述中尋找答 案，意大利的失業(yè)率從6月份的9.6%降低到9.4%恰恰說明了就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的景象是活躍的，有希望的。因此選C項(xiàng)。

　　25　D在最后一段中，工業(yè)集團(tuán)Confindustria做出警告："對(duì)美國(guó)的襲擊意味著今年的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)將為1.9%，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于政府的2.4%的目標(biāo)，而預(yù)算赤字可能為1.5%，幾乎比意大利政府向歐共體伙伴所作保證的0.8%高出一倍"。D項(xiàng)"預(yù)算赤字可能與這個(gè)國(guó)家的承諾大不相同"是最符合題意的。#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

　　Text 2

　　詞語(yǔ)注釋

　　marijuana n. 大麻terrorist attack 恐怖襲擊

　　random adj. 隨機(jī)的prior to 在……之前

　　imbibe v. 喝;吸取traumatic adj. 創(chuàng)傷的

　　depression n. 抑郁，憂郁displace v. 替換，轉(zhuǎn)移

　　panic attack 驚慌失措demographic adj. 人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的

　　marital status 婚姻狀況

　　文章概要

　　本文主要介紹了9.11事件后，曼哈頓居民吸煙、喝酒以及吸食大麻的比例有所上升，從而表現(xiàn)出9.11事件增加了人們的焦慮感和不安全感。

　　答 案點(diǎn)評(píng)

　　26. A文章第一段介紹說，9·11事件后，吸煙、喝酒以及吸食大麻的比例有所上升。其中，The largest increase was in alcohol use.(其中增加最快的是喝酒現(xiàn)象)。

　　27. C文章第二段的開頭說，The investigators found survey participants by randomly dialing New York City phone numbers and screened potential respondents for Manhattan residents living in areas close to the World Trade Center.研究人員先是隨機(jī)地抽取紐約的電話號(hào)碼，然后只挑選了那些曼哈頓島上，住所離世界貿(mào)易中心比較近的居民。

　　28. D文中調(diào)查的目的在于揭示9·11事件對(duì)人們生活習(xí)慣的細(xì)節(jié)影響，從而揭示出人們焦慮感的增加和不安全感的增加。

　　29. BB　的說法和文章第三段的內(nèi)容一致Persons who were living closer to the World Trade Center were more likely to increase their cigarette smoking(住在世貿(mào)大廈附近的人更可能會(huì)增加吸煙的數(shù)量)。

　　30. B文章最后一段說，Increase in substance abuse did not differ significantly between men and women or among racial or ethnic groups. (性別和種族的差別, 在是否增加喝酒、吸煙和吸毒的數(shù)量上, 不起作用; 也就是說, 是否多喝酒多抽煙, 和性別種族無關(guān)。)

　　Text 3

　　詞語(yǔ)注釋

　　entrepreneur n. 企業(yè)家yield n. 產(chǎn)量,收益

　　Mcdonald's 麥當(dāng)勞(一種快餐)Hamburg 漢堡包

　　allocation n. 分配,分派,配給venture n. 商業(yè)冒險(xiǎn)，投機(jī)

　　maverick n. 自行其是的人，持異見者agressively adv. 有進(jìn)取心地，敢作敢為地

　　saturate v. 使飽和;浸透，滲透competency 等同于competence n. 能力，勝任

　　introverted a. 內(nèi)向的analytical a. 分析的，解析的

　　extroverted a. 外向的

　　文章概要

　　本文是一篇關(guān)于entrepreneur的科普性文章。

　　Para.1:列舉了關(guān)于"企業(yè)家"的幾種定義并做出結(jié)論。

　　Para.2:以Ray Kroc為例進(jìn)一步說明什么是"企業(yè)家"。

　　Para.3:專業(yè)人士與企業(yè)家的比較。

　　Para.4:介紹企業(yè)家的主要特征。

　　答 案點(diǎn)評(píng)

　　31　C要想成為一個(gè)"entrepreneur"，必須具備三個(gè)條件：
①他必須能有利于資源的有效配置并使自己有所得;
②他必須是一位創(chuàng)業(yè)者;
③他必須冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。答 案A中的CEO，只是首席執(zhí)行官，并不一定是一位創(chuàng)業(yè)者;B中的老板也不一定是創(chuàng)業(yè)者;D中的銷售商也不一定是創(chuàng)業(yè)者。對(duì)于答 案C，有人可能會(huì)提出這樣的疑問，就是此人沒有營(yíng)利，但事實(shí)上他并不是沒有營(yíng)利，只是在長(zhǎng)期的經(jīng)營(yíng)過程中出現(xiàn)了財(cái)務(wù)問題。他的創(chuàng)業(yè)是成功的。

　　32　C理由同第一題所提到的三個(gè)條件。

　　33　B文中第四段提到"entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors,""Some qualities many of them share. Viewing change as the norm",所以一個(gè)"entrepreneur"，并不一定要是"extroverted"，也不能認(rèn)為"change is not norm"，而是要抓住機(jī)遇。所以，A、C錯(cuò)，B對(duì)。至于D，文中并沒有說J.B.Say是給entrepreneur定義的第一人，因此D也錯(cuò)誤。

　　34　B此題迷惑性很強(qiáng)，可以說A、B、C、D都不錯(cuò)。但本文從文體來看，是一篇介紹什么是entrepreneur的科普性文章。開始說J.B.Say的定義只是文章的一個(gè)引子，并不是作者的寫作意圖;談到Ray Kroc只是舉了一個(gè)成功的例子;而怎樣才能成為一個(gè)創(chuàng)業(yè)者，更是需要有心的讀者自己去學(xué)習(xí)了。最能表達(dá)作者寫作意圖的還是B。

　　35　A文章最后說："Making the decision to shift resources works better if a person is creative, experienced, and confident."但并沒有例子證明，怎樣使用其創(chuàng)造力、經(jīng)驗(yàn)和信心，所以A最合適，而B、C、D都沒有什么明顯的標(biāo)志表明會(huì)被講到。

　　Text4

　　詞語(yǔ)注釋

　　weld 鍛焊，焊接(金屬物)infiltrate 滲透，透入

　　capsule 蒴果;膠囊sculpture 雕塑，雕刻

　　banish 放逐，排除smash(使)粉碎，破碎

　　superimpose 將某物置于另一物上(尤指后者仍可見，可聞)overlap 重疊，重合，重復(fù)

　　canvas 帆布，畫布o(jì)bsessive 縈繞于心的，有執(zhí)著想法的

　　monotony 單調(diào)，乏味，無聊

　　文章概要

　　本文主要介紹現(xiàn)代科技中新材料的出現(xiàn)和使用原材料的新方法的運(yùn)用對(duì)藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造的影響。

　　Para.1：舉例說明現(xiàn)代科技中新材料和新方法的出現(xiàn)為藝術(shù)帶來廣闊的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)。

　　Para.2：以超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義為例，說明科學(xué)對(duì)藝術(shù)的影響。

　　Para.3：科學(xué)與藝術(shù)的影響是相互的。

　　答 案點(diǎn)評(píng)

　　36.C本文是講現(xiàn)代科技中新材料的出現(xiàn)和使用原有材料的新方法的運(yùn)用對(duì)藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造的影響。A項(xiàng)reproductions of modern technology(現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的復(fù)制品)過于廣泛，不合原文;B項(xiàng)文中沒有提及;D項(xiàng)the material world(物質(zhì)世界)過于廣泛，不合原文;C項(xiàng)最符合文意，故選C。本題各選項(xiàng)中分別使用了文中出現(xiàn)過的modern、technology、scientifically、material等詞，具有很強(qiáng)的迷惑性。

　　37.A根據(jù)題意，該題是關(guān)于welding techniques(焊接技術(shù))的，可以在第一段后半部分找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容。B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)指的是新材料的作用而不是焊接技術(shù)的作用;D項(xiàng)artists與文意不合;A項(xiàng)說明焊接技術(shù)對(duì)雕刻藝術(shù)的影響，與題意相符，故選A。

　　38.D該題是關(guān)于Freud's studies的，因此可以從第二段找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容。A項(xiàng)than any other有誤，太絕對(duì)了;B項(xiàng)other scientific inventions 應(yīng)改為recent art;C項(xiàng)意為"導(dǎo)致了超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義"，不合題意;D項(xiàng)符合文意，應(yīng)選D。

　　39.B本題是關(guān)于Surrealists的，可以在第二段找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容。A項(xiàng)diminish(減少)與原文中的banish(排除、有意忘卻)意思不符，不可選;C項(xiàng)意思是"可以將現(xiàn)實(shí)存在轉(zhuǎn)換成不連貫的夢(mèng)境"，與原文中的第二段第三句不一致;D項(xiàng)意思是"他們想用直接的表達(dá)方式取代片斷性的想象"，與文意完全相反;B項(xiàng)意思是"他們?cè)噲D表達(dá)他們的潛意識(shí)世界"，subconscious(潛意識(shí))與文中的unconscious(無意識(shí))相近，符合題意，故選B。

　　40.D此題考查的是對(duì)句意的理解。這句話的意思是"但這幾乎從來就不是單行道"。聯(lián)系上下文，這句話是說明科學(xué)與藝術(shù)之間的影響不是單方面的，而是相互的。A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)的說法都是單方面的，不全面;C項(xiàng)意思是藝術(shù)家可以成為科學(xué)家，科學(xué)家也可以成為藝術(shù)家，理解有偏差;D項(xiàng)的mutual一詞意思是"相互的"，正確表達(dá)了句意，故選D。#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

　　Part B

　　答 案解析

　　41.C由上文可知,艾斯圭爾鎮(zhèn)爆出一個(gè)令人震動(dòng)的消息，即該地蘊(yùn)含金礦。那么此處根據(jù)行為邏輯，應(yīng)講述該地居民反對(duì)這片凈土成為淘金城。

　　42.G上文說艾斯圭爾獲得了環(huán)保團(tuán)體的關(guān)注，而G項(xiàng)正是對(duì)此的順承，即這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)成了關(guān)于自然資源的開發(fā)與保存的爭(zhēng)論焦點(diǎn)。

　　43.A上文講了艾斯圭爾的豐富資源，下文又提及Meridian的計(jì)劃，從備選項(xiàng)來看A項(xiàng)的Meridian,gets its open　pit gold mine outside Esquel都與上下文呼應(yīng)，有較強(qiáng)的提示作用。

　　44.D上文講的是人們要求保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境的態(tài)度，而下文講的是落葉柏的淵源可知此處的內(nèi)容也應(yīng)與環(huán)境保護(hù)有關(guān)。D項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容正是知名人士保護(hù)環(huán)境的措施。

　　45.F上文講的是阿根廷被迫修訂了礦業(yè)法令以促進(jìn)外商投資，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)正是順承其意，指出礦業(yè)公司因此而得到的優(yōu)惠政策。

　　文章大意：阿根廷巴塔哥尼亞一小鎮(zhèn)艾斯圭爾因發(fā)現(xiàn)金礦而成為焦點(diǎn)，人們面臨著生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)與自然資源開發(fā)之間的決擇。環(huán)保人士和民眾強(qiáng)烈要求保護(hù)珍貴的生態(tài)環(huán)境，然而面臨采礦業(yè)的危機(jī)和外國(guó)壓力，阿根廷政府處境尷尬。

　　Part C

　　參考譯文

　　46.在某種程度上，現(xiàn)在的多次婚姻潮是70年代離婚高潮的副作用，因?yàn)榇罅康碾x婚導(dǎo)致單身人數(shù)的激增。

　　47.離過一次婚并不能夠阻礙羅納德·里根或鮑勃·都謀求最令人注目的工作--美國(guó)總統(tǒng)之職--但是現(xiàn)在社會(huì)仍然會(huì)對(duì)一次以上的婚姻失誤表示反感。

　　48.一生中有三次或更多的婚姻，"從個(gè)人角度看仍讓人難堪，但是越來越為大眾所接受了。"

　　49.一些專家認(rèn)為多次婚姻這一趨勢(shì)說明美國(guó)人的責(zé)任感滑落了。

　　50.相反，第二次和第三次的婚姻與第一次婚姻一樣冒險(xiǎn)，甚至?xí)懈囡L(fēng)險(xiǎn)，今天大約有四成這樣的婚姻失敗，而且它們往往結(jié)束得更快。

　　Section Ⅲ Writing

　　參考作文

　　Part A

　　51.Dear Mary:

　　I' ve been back this morning. What a tiring but exciting trip.

　　JiuZhaigou is an excellent place and really worth going. The tour guide led us visited several travelling sites, which made us feet like in heaven. The most wonderful site is the Huohuahai Lake. The water there was so clear that we could see different colors of stones at the bottom, as if the water didn' t exist except for the pure blue. We also visited the waterfall which was found scene by the famous TV play "Xiyouji ".

　　How are you at present ?Is anything coming along successfully ?Don' t be so occupied with your work, try a little bit to relax yourself. I' m planning to a tour in ZhangJiajie next year. It is said to be another wonderful place to visit.I hope you could go together with me to share the happiness. Please write back to let me know your idea.

　　Yours Truly,

　　Jane

　　September 24th, 2004

　　Part B

　　52　

　　Be Kind to Our Mother Earth

　　This depiction is to some extent a heartrending dramatization of our present life. Skyscrapers stand in clusters, and trees lining on both sides of the street are all made of artificial materials. Mankind's dwelling place on earth no longer looks green, but is in the colour of gray.

　　Are we still living in a natural world? Definitely not! With the steps of modernization and mechanization, the serene poetic life of former times has vanished. Vast green pastures are replaced by factories belching out columns of thick smoke; rivers once teemed with all kinds of fishes are now polluted by sewage water. In addition to that, environmental pollution has given rise to a number of serious problems, such as the extinction of some species of animals owing to the desertification, the greenhouse effect owing to the depletion of ozone layer, and the dwindling away of fresh water. Mother earth is the only home we live in. Therefore, she exists more for our protection than for our destruction. Supposing our planet is a vessel made of cake, and it is going to carry us across the ocean to the other side, namely, the paradise. Could we gnaw a hole in the cake　vessel and still sail across the ocean safe and sound? On the contrary, my friends, we will get drowned.

　　Now it is high time that measures be taken to counter the negative effects of modernization. The strategy of sustainable development has been launched, but this is not enough, because it is each citizen's business to be kind to our mother earth.

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