2016年湖北學(xué)位英語考試復(fù)習(xí)資料:定語從句六
湖北2016年學(xué)位英語考試復(fù)習(xí)資料:定語從句六
關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別
方法一:
用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語,就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞;
而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。
例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
(注:stay不及物動(dòng)詞,stay in the village,where=in which,表地點(diǎn))
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
(注:work不及物動(dòng)詞,when=during which,表時(shí)間)
判斷對錯(cuò):
(錯(cuò))This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(對)This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
注:visit是及物動(dòng)詞,visit the village,應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞which
(錯(cuò))I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(對)I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
注:spend是及物動(dòng)詞,spend the days,應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞which
習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
方法二:
準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢his museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢his is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分為賓語,而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表語,又可做從句的賓語,可以省略關(guān)系代詞,所以應(yīng)選D。
而句2中,主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn),既可用副詞where,又因in the museum詞組,可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中,介詞on 用的不對,所以選A。
關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時(shí),選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose);
先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí),應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞(where 地點(diǎn)狀語,when 時(shí)間狀語,why 原因狀語) 。
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