湖北
2013年高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣
難點(diǎn)形成原因：
1．學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程太零碎，不系統(tǒng)。
2．分不清什么時(shí)候使用，怎么使用。
3．一些固定用法記不住。
解決辦法：
虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示。由于虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)的是與事實(shí)相反的行為狀態(tài)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化不同于陳述語(yǔ)氣，這也是大家感到困惑和容易出錯(cuò)的地方。做此類題目時(shí)，關(guān)鍵要迅速發(fā)現(xiàn)解題信息詞，確定虛擬語(yǔ)氣類型，然后按各類虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特定表達(dá)方式確定動(dòng)詞的形式。
用法講解：
虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而僅是一種愿望、建議或者與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書面語(yǔ)中。
1．條件從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
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虛擬情況
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條件從句謂語(yǔ)形式
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主句謂語(yǔ)形式
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典型例句
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與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反
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did／were
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would do
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I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him. ? ?
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與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反
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had done
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would have done
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If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time. ? ?
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與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反
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did／were
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would do
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We would stay at home if it should rain tomorrow.
If I were to do the examination I would do it some other way.
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were to do
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should do
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混合虛擬
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從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反
主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
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had done
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would do
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It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I had not fallen in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002上海)
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含蓄虛擬條件句
有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來(lái)，而是通過(guò)一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)或其他方式表示。通常的詞或短語(yǔ)有：without"如果沒(méi)有", but for "要不是", but that, otherwise, or, but等。
He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. (2001上海春季)
But for my classmates’ help, I would not have finished the work in time. (2004三級(jí)題)
Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth would not grow well. ( 2004三級(jí)題)
注意：在虛擬條件句中，若有動(dòng)詞were, should或had（+過(guò)去分詞），可以省略if，且把這三個(gè)詞放在主句之前，變成倒裝句。如：
What would have happened, had Bob walked farther, as far as the riverbank? (2001上海)
Had I realized you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions. (1996三級(jí)題)
Had the weather been good, the children could have gone out for a walk. (2001三級(jí)題)
Had he taken the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. (2004三級(jí)題)
2. 賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
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動(dòng)詞
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虛擬情況
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賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)形式
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典型例句
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wish
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與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反
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would do
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I wish I would go to the Mars one day.
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與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反
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did／were
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How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden. (2002上海春季)
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與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反
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had done
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Peter wishes that he had studied law instead of literature when he was in college. (2000三級(jí)題)
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would rather
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與將來(lái)或現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
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did ／were
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– Do you mind if I keep pets in this building?
-- I’d rather you didn’t, actually. (2000上海)
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命令order , command
要求request, demand, insist
建議suggest, propose, recommend, advise
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should do (should可以省略)
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Who do you suggest be sent to work there? (2002上海)
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had hoped“本來(lái)想要，本來(lái)希望”
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would done
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I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.
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#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
注意：表命令、請(qǐng)求、建議的詞order; request, demand, insist; suggest, propose, recommend, advise其表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都要用should do的形式，should可以省略。但當(dāng)insist表示 “堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”, suggest表示 “暗示,表明”時(shí),不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
The general's command was that the soldiers leave their fort and carry out more important tasks. (表語(yǔ)從句, 省略should, 2002三級(jí)題)
Her suggestion that everybody sing a song was not appreciated. (同位語(yǔ)從句, 省略should, 2001三級(jí)題)
She insisted that he was wrong. 她堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他錯(cuò)了。
His pale face suggests that he is in bad health. 他面色蒼白，說(shuō)明他身體不好。
3. 特殊句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
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句型
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虛擬情況
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從句謂語(yǔ)形式
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典型例句
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if only引起的感嘆句
“要是
……就好了”
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與現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)事實(shí)相反的愿望
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would do／were
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If only he were here! 要是他在這兒就好了。
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與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望
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had done
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Look at the trouble I am in! If only I had followed your advice. (2003上海春季)
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It is (high/about) time sb. should do/ did……
“該是……的時(shí)候了”
注意：should不能省略
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Let’s finish our homework in a few seconds. It’s time we played football. (04三級(jí)題)
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It is (或was) + 形容詞(或過(guò)去分詞) + that……+should + 動(dòng)詞原形……
常用的形容詞：necessary, important,essential
常用的過(guò)去分詞: (表命令、請(qǐng)求、建議的詞)
ordered, required , demanded , requested , desired
suggested , recommended
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It is necessary that we (should) have a walk now.
It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.
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as if和as though引起的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
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與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
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did/ were
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When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. (NMET 1995)
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與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反
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had done
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You are talking as if you had seen them.
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注意：
1. 以上虛擬從句中的would可根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境用could, might, should來(lái)代替。
2. 如果as if和as though后面的從句所表示的情況是真實(shí)的或很可能是真實(shí)的，則動(dòng)詞可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣，在feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste之后尤其如此。試比較：
He walks as if he is drunk.
He walks as if he were drunk.
第一句表示“他已經(jīng)醉了”，第2句則表示“他沒(méi)有醉”。
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