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2013年高考英語復(fù)習(xí):非謂語動(dòng)詞
難點(diǎn)形成原因:
1.分不清什么是補(bǔ)足語。
2.分不清何時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞、何時(shí)用過去分詞。
3.遇到時(shí)容易和其他知識(shí)點(diǎn)混淆。
4.練得不多、用得不熟。
解決辦法:
1. 通過練習(xí)強(qiáng)化。
2. 多做題, 通過做練習(xí),慢慢滲透。
用法講解:
一、概念
分詞作主語補(bǔ)足語和賓語補(bǔ)足語其實(shí)是同一成分用于兩種不同的句式中。具體地說,主動(dòng)態(tài)句子中的賓語補(bǔ)足語就是被動(dòng)態(tài)句子中的主語補(bǔ)足語。先了解賓語補(bǔ)足語,則很容易了解主語補(bǔ)足語。
賓語補(bǔ)足語: 在英語中,某些及物動(dòng)詞不僅需要賓語,而且還要求某個(gè)詞或詞組來補(bǔ)充說明賓語,即表示賓語代表的人或物所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài),這個(gè)詞或短語稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。有些語法書把賓語和補(bǔ)足語稱為復(fù)合賓語。
句型:及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(n./pron.)+ 賓語補(bǔ)足語(n./ adj./ adv./ to do/ -ing/ -ed/ 介詞短語 7種表示法)
該句型若變成被動(dòng)語態(tài),即將賓語提到句首作主語,原主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的賓語補(bǔ)足語此時(shí)在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中起到補(bǔ)充說明主語的作用,所以改稱主語補(bǔ)足語。例如:
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. (03全國卷)
此句中smoking 是主語 he的補(bǔ)足語,所以稱為主語補(bǔ)足語。
A cook will be immediately fired if someone finds him smoking in the kitchen.
此句中smoking 是賓語 him的補(bǔ)足語,所以稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。
二、何時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞、何時(shí)用過去分詞作主語(賓語)補(bǔ)足語
分詞作主語(賓語)補(bǔ)足語時(shí),若主語(賓語)與分詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,則用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng);
如果主語(賓語)與分詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,則用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。例如:
He was heard singing in the next room.
He was singing. 主語he與補(bǔ)足語“唱歌”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故用現(xiàn)在分詞singing。
One of the glasses was found broken.
One of the glasses was broken. 主語 one of the glasses與補(bǔ)足語“打破”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故用過去分詞broken。
Don’t leave the water running while you brush your teeth. (04天津)
The water is running. 賓語the water與補(bǔ)足語“淌”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞running。
三、可以用分詞作主語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞
要會(huì)使用分詞作補(bǔ)足語,必須記住哪些動(dòng)詞可以接分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語。
1. 感官動(dòng)詞 feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe, look at (一感二聽五看) 及find 等既可以接現(xiàn)在分詞又可以接過去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語。如:
If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air moving against your face.
The air can be felt moving against your face, if you wave your book in front of your face.
The next morning she found the man lying in bed, dead.
The next morning the man was found lying in bed, dead.
2.表示 "致使" 動(dòng)詞 get, have,leave等既可以接現(xiàn)在分詞又可以接過去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語。
---Good morning. Can I help you?
---I’d like to have the package weighed, madam. (MET89)
3. 表示“意欲;
命令”的動(dòng)詞如 like, want, wish, order等常接過去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語。 如:
You must tell us exactly what you would like done. 你必須準(zhǔn)確地告訴我們?cè)撟鍪裁础?/p>
The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 這位父親想讓女兒學(xué)鋼琴。
I wish it done quickly. 我希望很快將此事做完。
注意: set, start, catch常跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,make常跟過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如:
set sb thinking start sb coughing中華考試網(wǎng)(www.Examw。com)
He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.(04北京春季)
The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself heard. (NMET91)
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