2015年湖北考研英語(yǔ)二真題及參考答案

湖北2015年考研英語(yǔ)二真題及參考答案

　　湖北考研網(wǎng)獲悉，2015年湖北碩士研究生考試初試時(shí)間為
2014年12月27日至12月28日。2015年湖北考研英語(yǔ)二真題及參考答案如下：

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at -- a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.

　　It's a sad reality -- our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings -- because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 : "Please don't approach me."

　　What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?

　　One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,". We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”

　　But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."

　　18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.

　　1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record

　　2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much

　　3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought

　　4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign

　　5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from

　　6. [A] misinterpret [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched

　　7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed

　　8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar

　　9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry

　　10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn

　　11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring

　　12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay

　　13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation

　　14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers

　　15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design

　　16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride

　　17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up

　　18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence

　　19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas

　　20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rare

　　Section II Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

　　Text 1

　　A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

　　“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, ” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“ It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. ”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

　　What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

　　But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

　　On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the pision of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.

　　So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

　　21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home_____

　　[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace

　　[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement

　　[C] generated more stress than the workplace

　　[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation

　　22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?

　　[A] Childless wives

　　[B] Working mothers

　　[C] Childless husbands

　　[D] Working fathers

　　23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_____

　　[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office

　　[B] their home is also a place for kicking back

　　[C] there is often much housework left behind

　　[D] they are both bread winners and housewives

　　24.The word“moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means_____

　　[A] skills

　　[B] energy

　　[C] earnings

　　[D] nutrition

　　25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____

　　[A] pision of labor at home is seldom clear-cut

　　[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment

　　[C] household tasks are generally more motivating

　　[D] family labor is often adequately rewarded

　　Text 2

　　For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

　　But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

　　The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.

　　Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

　　Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students ’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.

　　26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______

　　[A] reduced their dropout rates

　　[B] narrowed the achievement gap

　　[C] missed its original purpose

　　[D] depressed college students

　　27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______

　　[A] the problem is solvable

　　[B] their approach is costless

　　[C] the recruiting rate has increased

　　[D] their finding appeal to students

　　28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______

　　[A] study at private universities

　　[B] are from single-parent families

　　[C] are in need of financial support

　　[D] have failed their collage

　　29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______

　　[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap

　　[B] can have a potential influence on other students

　　[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects

　　[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college

　　30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______

　　[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class

　　[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources

　　[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences

　　[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question

　　Text 3

　　Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”

　　Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”

　　These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.

　　This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.

　　But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.

　　31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_____

　　[A] more emotional

　　[B] more objective

　　[C] less energetic

　　[D] less strategic

　　32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______

　　[A] historical incidents

　　[B] gender difference

　　[C] sports culture

　　[D] athletic executives

　　33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______

　　[A] revive historical terms

　　[B] promote company image

　　[C] foster corporate cooperation

　　[D] strengthen employee loyalty

　　34.It can be inferred that Lean In________

　　[A] voices for working women

　　[B] appeals to passionate workaholics

　　[C] triggers debates among mommies

　　[D] praises motivated employees

　　35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?

　　[A] Managers admire it but avoid it

　　[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense

　　[C] Companies find it to be fundamental

　　[D] Regular people mock it but accept it

　　Text 4

　　Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.

　　However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.

　　Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.

　　There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.

　　We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes”, they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.

　　The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people , especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions ,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.

　　However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.

　　36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?

　　[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.

　　[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.

　　[C] The possibility of full employment.

　　[D] The acceleration of job creation.

　　37. Many people work part-time because they_____.

　　[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.

　　[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.

　　[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.

　　[D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market.

　　38. Involuntary part-time employment is the US_____.

　　[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago.

　　[B] shows a general tendency of decline.

　　[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless.

　　[D] is lower than before the recession.

　　39. It can be learned that with Obamacare,_____.

　　[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance

　　[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance

　　[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members

　　[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance

　　40. The text mainly discusses_______.

　　[A] employment in the US

　　[B] part-timer classification

　　[C] insurance though Medicaid

　　[D] Obamacare’s trouble

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list [A]-[G] to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　[A] You are not alone

　　[B] Don’t fear responsibility for your life

　　[C] Pave your own unique path

　　[D] Most of your fears are unreal

　　[E] Think about the present moment

　　[F] Experience helps you grow

　　[G] There are many things to be grateful for

　　Unfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.

　　When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I’ve learned along the way.

　　41._____________________________

　　Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.

　　42_____________________________

　　If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.

　　43______________________________

　　Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.

　　44________________________________

　　No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.

　　45________________________________

　　Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.

　　Section III Translation

　　Directions:

　　Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

　　Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to zone out from the actual driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.

　　This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.

　　The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.

　　Section IV Writing

　　Part A

　　47. Directions:

　　Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to

　　1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and

　　2) call for volunteers.

　　You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　Do not use your name or the name of your university.

　　Do not write your address. (10 points)

　　Part B

　　48. Directions:

　　Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should

　　1) interpret the chart, and

　　2) give your comments.

　　You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

　　1、【答案】[C] signal

　　【解析】此題所在的上下文內(nèi)容的意思是：陌生人之間沒(méi)有交流，大家都只關(guān)注自己的手機(jī)，甚至不_______。A項(xiàng)“票”，B項(xiàng)“允許”，C項(xiàng)“信號(hào)，打招呼”，D項(xiàng)“記錄”;選項(xiàng)中，只有C項(xiàng)符合上下文語(yǔ)義，因此signal正確。

　　2、【答案】[D] much

　　【解析】第二個(gè)空格所在句子的語(yǔ)義內(nèi)容是：我們避免和其他人交流是件很悲哀的是，原因在與和陌生人交流，我們會(huì)收獲_______。根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容，顯然是指和陌生人交流，我們會(huì)從中收獲很多東西。A.B.C.三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。因此答案選much.

　　3、【答案】[C] plugged

　　【解析】該題所在語(yǔ)境的意思是：不知道和陌生人交流，我們會(huì)從中收獲很多東西嗎，原因在于____我們的手機(jī)。A.打;B.引導(dǎo);C.插入，投入;D.帶來(lái);四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別帶入句中，可以判斷出plugged符合句意。

　　4、【答案】[A] message

　　【解析】該題所在句子的意思是：這種普遍存在的盔甲(不和陌生人交流)傳遞了“不要靠近我”這個(gè)________。顯然這里考察了動(dòng)賓搭配的考點(diǎn)，而且空格處的內(nèi)容是說(shuō)“不要靠近我”。所以，根據(jù)send這個(gè)動(dòng)詞和空格處后面的內(nèi)容可以判斷出，答案為message。其他選項(xiàng)均不符合前后語(yǔ)義。

　　5、【答案】[C] behind

　　【解析】該所要表達(dá)的意思是：…藏在我們屏幕的_______位置。A.下面;B.之外; C.后面;D. 來(lái)自;四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別帶入原句，只有behind符合句意。

　　6、【答案】[D] misinterpreted

　　【解析】空的語(yǔ)境為：我們害怕被拒絕，也害怕我們善意的社交之舉被____成“怪異的”，只有答案D符合上下文語(yǔ)義。

　　7、【答案】[D] delayed

　　【解析】空格所在句與前后句同為we fear…的并列句，故句意應(yīng)前后保持一致。前一句說(shuō)“我們害怕被拒絕，被誤解”，后一句說(shuō)“我們害怕被打擾”，A選項(xiàng)帶入語(yǔ)義不通，B，C選項(xiàng)不符合該文語(yǔ)境，D選項(xiàng)帶入文中“我們害怕被耽擱時(shí)間”，符合上下文語(yǔ)義，故答案為D。

　　8、【答案】[D] unfamiliar

　　【解析】空格處需填入一個(gè)形容詞修飾strangers(陌生人)，所以該詞應(yīng)符合陌生人的身份與特點(diǎn)，既是陌生人，肯定是“不熟悉的”，故答案為D。

　　9、【答案】[C] anxious

　　【解析】空所在語(yǔ)境為“因?yàn)槟吧斯逃械哪吧?，所以?dāng)與朋友和熟人相比，在溝通時(shí)，我們很容易感到_____。”填入的詞應(yīng)滿足前后句的因果邏輯關(guān)系，不難判斷空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)消極的詞匯，故首先排除A和B選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)“生氣的”和C選項(xiàng)“緊張的，焦慮的”，根據(jù)常識(shí)，D選項(xiàng)更符合陌生人所帶來(lái)的感覺(jué)，故答案為C。

　　10、【答案】[D] turn (to)

　　【解析】空格要求填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，首先需與介詞to構(gòu)成搭配，其次需滿足 “為了避免這種不自在，我們____我們的手機(jī)。”的語(yǔ)義，D選項(xiàng)turn to表示轉(zhuǎn)向求助于某物某事，符合上下文語(yǔ)義，故答案為D。

　　11、【答案】[A] dangerous

　　【解析】根據(jù)此處結(jié)構(gòu)protect us from what we perceive is going to be more _______(保護(hù)我們以防我們觀察的東西更加_______)，可推斷空處填入詞匯為負(fù)向感情色彩，A選項(xiàng)dangerous(危險(xiǎn)的)意思吻合，且和前文uneasiness(不安);security(安全)形成呼應(yīng);B選項(xiàng)mysterious(神秘的)與主題關(guān)聯(lián)不大，且為中性詞;C選項(xiàng)violent(暴力的)意思比較極端，且不合題意;D選項(xiàng)boring(無(wú)聊的)同樣不吻合該段主題。故答案為A選項(xiàng)dangerous。

　　12、【答案】[A] hurt

　　【解析】該句意思為：當(dāng)我們撕掉創(chuàng)可貼，把智能手機(jī)揣到口袋里，并且抬頭行走，并沒(méi)有_______那么糟糕。A選項(xiàng)hurt(傷害)、B選項(xiàng)resist(抵抗)、C選項(xiàng)bend(彎曲)、D選項(xiàng)decay(衰退)，其中hurt符合題意，it doesn’t hurt so bad(沒(méi)那么令人難受)。因此答案為A選項(xiàng)hurt。

　　13、【答案】[B] conversation

　　【解析】由上文推斷此處為研究者進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容，根據(jù)該句后面一句中talk to可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)是讓研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行交談，可鎖定B選項(xiàng)conversation(對(duì)話)，與talk to對(duì)應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)lecture(講座)、C選項(xiàng)debate(討論)、D選項(xiàng)negotiation(談判)均不吻合題意，故答案為B選項(xiàng)conversation。

　　14、【答案】[D] passengers

　　【解析】該句意思為：他們讓芝加哥火車上的通勤者和他們的_______交談。根據(jù)commuter(通勤者)一詞可找到與之對(duì)應(yīng)的A選項(xiàng)passengers(乘客)，B選項(xiàng)employees(雇員)、C選項(xiàng)researchers(研究者)、D選項(xiàng)trainees(受訓(xùn)者)都不正確。故答案為A選項(xiàng)passengers。

　　15、【答案】[C] predict

　　【解析】該句意思為：“當(dāng)兩位博士讓火車站的其他人_______和其他陌生人交談會(huì)有什么感覺(jué)，乘客們認(rèn)為……”。A選項(xiàng)reveal(揭露;曝光)，多接負(fù)面現(xiàn)象，此處不搭配;B選項(xiàng)choose(選擇)不合題意;C選項(xiàng)predict(預(yù)測(cè))代入文中翻譯通順，文法符合;D選項(xiàng)design(設(shè)計(jì))不合題意。故答案為C選項(xiàng)predict。

　　16、【答案】[B] ride

　　【解析】此處需要填入一個(gè)與commuters“上下班往返的人”相關(guān)的詞。因此排除A選項(xiàng)voyage“旅途”和D選項(xiàng)flight“航班”。上文提到了“the same train station”， 因此排除C選項(xiàng)walk“步行”，選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

　　17、【答案】[A] went through

　　【解析】此處考察固定詞組。 A選項(xiàng)go through with意為“完成”，B選項(xiàng)“do away with”意為“廢除，消滅”，C選項(xiàng)“catch up with”意為“跟上，趕上”，D選項(xiàng)put up with 意為“忍受”，因此符合文意，能夠和實(shí)驗(yàn)搭配的只能是選項(xiàng)A。

　　18、【答案】[B] In fact

　　【解析】此處需要填入一個(gè)固定詞組，起到承接上下文的作用。上文提到那些放下手機(jī)，積極與乘客交流的人并沒(méi)有受到冷落?？崭窈笾赋?，與那些沒(méi)有對(duì)話的人相比，這些人更加的開(kāi)心。可見(jiàn)上下文之間是并列或遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系。A 選項(xiàng)In turn意為“輪流，以此”，不符合上下文關(guān)系，C選項(xiàng)In particular“尤其是，特別是”常常用來(lái)表示舉例的邏輯關(guān)系，因此排除。D選項(xiàng)In consequence“結(jié)果”，表示因果的邏輯關(guān)系，因此排除。所以正確答案為B選項(xiàng)in fact“事實(shí)上”。

　　19、【答案】[B] since

　　【解析】此處考察上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。上文指出，與那些沒(méi)有對(duì)話的人相比，那些積極交談的人更加開(kāi)心。下文則提到人類的繁榮起源于社會(huì)聯(lián)系。顯然，這二者之間不是假設(shè)關(guān)系，因此排除A選項(xiàng)unless和C選項(xiàng)if，也非轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此排除D選項(xiàng)whereas，正確答案為B選項(xiàng)since，表因果關(guān)系。

　　20、【答案】[C] simple

　　【解析】此處需要填入一個(gè)可以形容冒號(hào)后句子的形容詞。與陌生人交談讓你覺(jué)得不孤單。顯然這一事實(shí)，絕非funny“滑稽的”, logical “有條理的”，也非rare“稀有的”。 C選項(xiàng)“簡(jiǎn)單的”符合文意，是正確答案。

　　Section II Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Text 1

　　21、【答案】[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace

　　【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。該題干問(wèn)：之前的研究認(rèn)為家是……。根據(jù)題干，該題答案定位在首段首句。首句大致意思為“一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，與絕大部分研究相反，實(shí)際上，人們?cè)诩依锏膲毫σ笥诠ぷ鳌?rdquo;由此可知，以往的研究正好跟最新研究相反，即人們?cè)诩依锏膲毫π∮诠ぷ??？v觀各選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)A意為：與工作場(chǎng)所相比，能提供更多的休閑;與文章表述一致，為正確答案。

　　22、【答案】[C ] childless husbands

　　【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段第三句和第四句提到“It is men not women, who report being happier at home than at work…, but more so for nonparents.”即“研究發(fā)現(xiàn)是男人，而不是女人，在家比在工作中更高興。更令人吃驚的是，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種情況對(duì)于有孩子和沒(méi)有孩子都是這樣，尤其是對(duì)于沒(méi)有孩子的。”所以綜合對(duì)比后，選擇C。

　　23、【答案】[D] they are both bread winners and housewives

　　【解析】推理判斷題。文章第三段中提到“For many men, the end of the workday is …, with the blurring of role……”. 意思是“對(duì)于男人來(lái)說(shuō)，一天的工作結(jié)束后，是他們休息的時(shí)候，但是對(duì)于女人來(lái)說(shuō)，離開(kāi)辦公室之后，還有很多的家務(wù)活”。由此可以推出，“The blurring of working women’s roles” 指的是“既要在職場(chǎng)打拼也要做很多家務(wù)的女性”。所以綜合判定后確定D為正確答案。

　　24、【答案】[C] earnings

　　【解析】詞義句意題。文章第四段第一句提出“在工作中，大家都知道掙錢，他們做工作就是為了家庭收入”。緊接著第二句給出“這些雇員付出體力和腦力的勞動(dòng)，就是為了得到能夠維持他們生活的必須收入”。結(jié)合上下文，moola應(yīng)該對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的“income”,表示他們掙得的收入。故C正確。

　　25、【答案】[A] pision of labor at home is seldom clear-cut

　　【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“The home front”可以回文定位在原文最后一段。最后一段第一句指出“然而，人們對(duì)于大后方(家庭)就沒(méi)有那么清楚了”，接下來(lái)的一句進(jìn)一步指出“Rare is the household in which the pision of labor is so clinically…”(家務(wù)活的分工很少清清楚楚)，A項(xiàng)中的“seldom”同意置換原文中的“Rare”, “clear-cut”同意置換原文的“clinically”，故A項(xiàng)正確。

　　Text 2

　　26、【答案】[D] missed its original purpose

　　【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞recruiting more first-generation students回文定位到第一段的第四句，然后一一比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，“rather than close an achievement gap based on social class”排除選項(xiàng)B，選項(xiàng)A和C是無(wú)關(guān)選項(xiàng)，由第四句話中This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students…與選項(xiàng)D “missed its original purpose”是同義替換，paradox的意思是“自相矛盾，似是而非的觀點(diǎn)”，所以正確答案為D。

　　27、【答案】[C] the problem is solvable

　　【解析】根據(jù)題干信息“research article are optimistic because……”可以回文定位到文章第二段第一句“But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem”。As引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句是題干答案，跟C選“the problem is solvable”重合，因此選C。

　　28、【答案】[C] are in need of financial support

　　【解析】根據(jù)題干信息most first-generation students...定位第三段最后一句中，“most of first-generation students were recipients of Pell Grants(佩爾獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金)，a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need",可知答案為C，其中in need of和with...need對(duì)應(yīng)，financial support 和financial相對(duì)應(yīng)。

　　29、【答案】[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college

　　【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the author of the paper回文定位到文章第四段第一句“their thesis ...that face most college students”。這句話中明確說(shuō)到第一代學(xué)生缺乏處理一些問(wèn)題的實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)，與選項(xiàng)D語(yǔ)義相符，其中are inexperienced與原文的lacking in practical knowledge對(duì)應(yīng)，handling their issues與how to deal with the issues對(duì)應(yīng)，at college與that face most college students對(duì)應(yīng)。

　　30、【答案】[B] colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question

　　【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞infer from the last paragraph回文定位到文章最后一段，這是一個(gè)段落推理題，可以通過(guò)尋找段落中心的方式來(lái)解。最后一段第一句和第二句是并列關(guān)系，均提出第一代學(xué)生中存在的與社會(huì)階層有關(guān)的問(wèn)題。第三句以一個(gè)because所引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句點(diǎn)明中心，明確該問(wèn)題的來(lái)源是美國(guó)高校未承認(rèn)社會(huì)階層對(duì)學(xué)生教育經(jīng)歷的影響，因此總結(jié)出來(lái)可知，選項(xiàng)B正確，說(shuō)明出現(xiàn)了相應(yīng)問(wèn)題，高校應(yīng)該擔(dān)負(fù)一部分責(zé)任。

　　Text 3

　　31、【答案】[A]more emotional

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中的office language對(duì)應(yīng)文章中的lingua franca of corporate(公司通用語(yǔ))，題干中的has become對(duì)應(yīng)文章中的has gotten，所以答案對(duì)應(yīng)文章中的more emotional and much more right-brained。所以答案A more emotional。本題的易錯(cuò)答案是 more objective。文章中的objectives是名詞“目標(biāo)，話題”的意思。

　　32、【答案】[C] sports culture

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的答案可以從第二段的第二句到第四句中得出。這幾句話都是在舉例子，作為論據(jù)出現(xiàn)來(lái)論證第一句話。第二句話中出現(xiàn)了sports，第三句話中出現(xiàn)了coach和team，第四句話中出現(xiàn)了coach和team，win，所有的這些詞都與運(yùn)動(dòng)相關(guān)，所以答案選C sports culture。

　　33、【答案】[D] strengthen employee loyalty

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。本題題干中還出現(xiàn)了believe這一觀點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)題干中的importation of terminology可以定位到第三段的第二句話，但是這句話屬于論據(jù)，其論點(diǎn)是第一句話。本句中出現(xiàn)are intended to表示目的，對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的aims to，句子出現(xiàn)了increase allegiance to the firm，對(duì)應(yīng)D strengthen employee loyalty，表示“加強(qiáng)員工的忠誠(chéng)度”。

　　34、【答案】[A] voices for working women

　　【解析】推理題。根據(jù)題干中的Lean In可以定位到第四段的第二句話。這句話中出現(xiàn)了1990s和“mommy wars”也是明顯的論據(jù)，所以推理的核心論點(diǎn)是前面的第一句話。第一句話中出現(xiàn)了work-life balance，第二句話中出現(xiàn)了mommy wars，結(jié)合二者可以推理出這句話談?wù)摰氖枪ぷ髦袑?duì)于女性的不公平。所以答案選voices for working women(為職業(yè)女性申辯)。

　　35、【答案】[D] regular people mock it but accept it

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到最后一段的第一句話。要注意這句話的結(jié)構(gòu)。本句是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折句，盡管大家取笑office speak，但是…。轉(zhuǎn)折之后表示的是人們對(duì)它的認(rèn)可，A Managers …avoid it態(tài)度與文章不符。B中的linguists 在文章中沒(méi)有提到。C中的Companies find it to fundamental,屬于推理過(guò)度，文章說(shuō)的是depend on，依靠并不說(shuō)明fundamental根本的。

　　Text 4

　　36、【答案】[B] the increase of part-time jobs

　　【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“job pictures, neglected”可以回文定位到第二段第一句話“the jobs picture ...was largely overlooked”，其中neglected是overlooked的同義替換。并且此句有明顯的命題點(diǎn)“however”。第二句具體指出被忽略的部分是“there was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.”，即有大量的人自愿從事兼職工作。故正確答案為B。其中increase是原文jump的同義替換，voluntary part-time jobs是voluntarily working part-time的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。

　　37、【答案】[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs

　　【解析】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“many people work part-time”可以定位到第二段第五句話“many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs”。由此句可知，那些從事兼職工作的人實(shí)際想擁有全日制工作。接著第六句明確指出他們從事兼職工作的原因：they take part-time because this is all they can get。言外之意是說(shuō)，人們目前只能得到兼職工作，而無(wú)法獲得全職工作。故正確答案為C。

　　38、【答案】[B] shows a general tendency of decline

　　【解析】通過(guò)題干中的involuntary part-time employment可以將該題定位在文章第二段。該段倒數(shù)第二句表明“這種非自愿參加兼職工作在六月份是呈現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)的，但是總趨勢(shì)是下降的”。故B選項(xiàng)(呈現(xiàn)出一種普遍下降的趨勢(shì))正確。

　　39、【答案】[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance

　　【解析】通過(guò)題干中with Obamacare可以將該題定位在全文最后一句。該句表明，就業(yè)和保險(xiǎn)之間不再有關(guān)聯(lián)。而從上一句可以看出，之前很多人想要找一份提供保險(xiǎn)的全職工作來(lái)養(yǎng)活自己和家人?？梢?jiàn)，之前，就業(yè)就意味著能得到保險(xiǎn)。而它們之間的關(guān)系不復(fù)存在，即雇傭不再是得到保險(xiǎn)的前提條件。可見(jiàn)，B選項(xiàng)正確。

　　40、【答案】[A] employment in the US

　　【解析】該題考察的是文章主旨大意。文章首段指出目前的失業(yè)率呈現(xiàn)出下降的趨勢(shì)，而接下來(lái)的第二段提出在這種失業(yè)率下降的好現(xiàn)象中，我們忽略了那些自愿(voluntary)參加兼職工作的人。第三段就自愿兼職工作者和非自愿兼職工作者的區(qū)別展開(kāi)描述。最后兩段表明，那些自愿參加兼職工作的人是因?yàn)橛辛艘豁?xiàng)名為Obamacare的政策，該政策旨在使那些沒(méi)有全職工作的人也有可能獲得保險(xiǎn)，從而提升就業(yè)率?？梢?jiàn)，全文都是圍繞美國(guó)的就業(yè)形勢(shì)展開(kāi)討論。故A選項(xiàng)正確。

　　Part B

　　41、【答案】[D] Most of your fears are unreal

　　【解析】本段中出現(xiàn)了多次詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)，如Fear is not real以及fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination(恐懼只是豐富想象的產(chǎn)物)。Unfortunately轉(zhuǎn)折后作者通過(guò)引用Will Smith的話以及自己的總結(jié)強(qiáng)調(diào)揭示了段落主題。

　　42、【答案】[E] Think about the present moment

　　【解析】該題所在段落平鋪直敘，因此第一句話為段落中心句，其中關(guān)鍵信息是focus on the present moment，與選項(xiàng)E主題詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。下文中又多次復(fù)現(xiàn)了主題詞，如value the present moment，moment以及present。

　　43、【答案】[G] There are many things to be grateful for

　　【解析】該題的解題線索是主題詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。段落中的appreciate，smile，value與grateful屬于近義復(fù)現(xiàn)，cry和complain與grateful是反義復(fù)現(xiàn)。

　　44、【答案】[A] You are not alone

　　【解析】段落首句出現(xiàn)了表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈語(yǔ)氣的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should，因此主題句為首句，關(guān)鍵信息為you are not alone，與A選項(xiàng)匹配。

　　45、【答案】[C] Pave your own unique path

　　【解析】該段落主題句為“When you…you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best.”作者正面提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)“相信自己以及自己的決定是最佳的”。下文進(jìn)一步闡釋，其中own thoughts, own values 以及own choices構(gòu)成了標(biāo)題中的own unique path。

　　Section III Translation

　　46、【參考譯文】

　　想象行駛在一條非常熟悉的路線上。它可能是你通勤上班的路，可能是你赴城或回家的路。不管是哪條路線，你熟知每個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)彎，就像熟知你的手背。在這樣的旅程中，很容易忽視實(shí)際的行駛過(guò)程，不關(guān)注路過(guò)的風(fēng)景。結(jié)果，你感覺(jué)行駛的時(shí)間比實(shí)際的時(shí)間要少。

　　這是熟悉路線效應(yīng)：人們常常低估行駛熟悉路線所用的時(shí)間。

　　這種效應(yīng)是由我們分配注意力的方式引起的。當(dāng)我們行駛在熟悉的線路中，因?yàn)槲覀儾槐鼐劬珪?huì)神，時(shí)間似乎流逝得更快些。之后，當(dāng)我們回想起這段旅程，我們不能清楚地憶起它，因?yàn)槲覀儾⑽戳粢膺^(guò)它。因此，我們認(rèn)為這段旅程的時(shí)間相對(duì)較短。

　　Section IV Writing

　　47、

　　【參考范文】

　　NOTICE

　　June 8, 2014

　　Since our university is going to organize a camp for high school students during this summer vocation, the Postgraduate Association is now recruiting volunteers to make the camp a complete success.

　　As a cultural exchange program, this camp starting from July 17 to August 17 aims to promote the understanding of American culture among high school students. Students will visit a high school in Texas and exchange ideas with students there. After that, they will have a tour to major American universities and famous tourist spots. Those who would like to volunteer for this activity must possess fluent communication skills in English. All the transportation and accommodation expenses are covered.

　　Anyone who is interested in international communication is encouraged to apply. The applicants may download the application form from the university website and send the form to 1234567@hotmail.com.

　　Postgraduates’ Association

　　48、

　　【參考范文】

　　Emerging from the pie char given above is the proportions of residents’ different consumptions during Spring Festival in a Chinese city. To be specific, the percentage of consumption taken by New Year’s present accounts for 40%, ranking first. Meanwhile, that of gatherings and traffic ranks second, making up 20% respectively.

　　The bar chart reveals the fact that money spent on New Year’s present occupies the largest percentage of the consumption. What exactly contributes to this phenomenon? Reasons can be listed as follows: To begin with, it is universally acknowledged that China is renowned for valuing politeness and ceremonies ever since ancient times. Therefore sending New Year’s present mutually is a symbol of inheriting Chinese civilization and virtue, especially during the traditional festivals. In addition, with the improvement of financial status and corresponding purchasing power, people in mounting numbers can afford the once-deemed-expensive gifts to convey their warmest wishes and sincerest greetings.

　　By observing the different proportion of the pie chart, we may forecast that this situation will continue in the near future, which is beneficial to promote interpersonal communication and the social harmony as well and should be further encouraged.

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