2013年湖北考研英語二真題及答案

湖北
2013年考研英語二真題及答案

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?

Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.

Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.

1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise

2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around

3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role

4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse

5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady

6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on

7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive

8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant

9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print

10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down

11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when

12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn

13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though

14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease

15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed

16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear

17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return

18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification

19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for

20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail

答案：

1-5: ADBDC

6-10: BBDBA

11-15: ADCCC

16-20: CABAD

【答案詳解】

1. [標準答案] [A]

[考點分析] 本題考察邏輯關系

[選項分析] 因為考察邏輯關系，所以需要我們先對填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：填空之后的信息為”a true cashless society is probably not around the corner .”（一個無現金社會不太可能馬上出現），而文章之前的信息都是在說我們可能馬上就進入一個無現金社會，兩者之間出現了明顯的轉折關系，因此只有however符合題意。B. moreover表遞進 C. therefore 表結果 D. Otherwise表對比

2. [標準答案] [D]

[考點分析] 上下文語義

[選項分析] 根據該句的but可知，其前后句子是轉折關系。后一句是說這種形式的社會并沒有真正有成果出來，所以前一句應該為這樣的預測已經進行了二十年。其它選項不符合題意。

3. [標準答案] [B]

[考點分析] 上下文語義及名詞辨析

[選項分析] 該句意思為，1975年的《商業(yè)周刊》預測電子支付手段“將很快徹底改變貨幣本身的____”。四個選項中，A.為力量 C“歷史” D“角色”，語義不正確，且如果選擇 role的話，應該是復數roles, 因為是金錢的作用不止一個，故答案選B。

4. [標準答案] [D]

[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析

[選項分析] 根據only知道，空格處所填單詞詞義應與前一句的”revolutionize”（變革）發(fā)生同義替換，因此ABCD四個選項中只有D.reverse （顛覆）符合。A. reward 獎賞 B. resist 抵抗 C. resume 重新開始，繼續(xù)。

5. [標準答案] [C]

[考點分析] 上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析

[選項分析]根據上文得知，早在1975年就預測了無現金社會可能即將到來，而作者談到實際上“真正的無現金社會很可能不會馬上到來”，因此這種無現金社會只可能緩慢到來，故答案選擇C。 A. silent沉寂的，B. sudden突然的，D. steady平穩(wěn)的。

6．[標準答案] [B]

[考點分析] 上下文語義及介詞詞義辨析

[選項分析] 填空所在段開頭although表明對上一段的讓步關系，上一段的觀點為人們進入無現金時代的速度變緩慢的原因。因此這一段應該是說明盡管電子支付可能比紙幣支付方式更方便更高效，然而以下幾個方面解釋了紙幣系統“不會”消失的原因，只有B work against 違背、妨礙，符合題意。A. work for 為…而工作 C. work with 與…共事，對…起作用 D. work on 從事…工作，對…起作用，都不合適。

7.[標準答案] [B]

[考點分析] 上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析

[選項分析]本填空所在句為對紙幣支付“不會”消失原因的解釋，即推廣電子支付方式不利之處。所以該題選項先排除productive富有成效的。而imaginative，意思是“虛構的、富于想象力的”；
sensitive，意思是“敏感的、易受傷害的”均不符合語義，只能選擇消極含義的選項expensive。

8．[標準答案] [D]

[考點分析] 上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析

[選項分析]空格所在句譯為...使得電子貨幣成為____支付方式，將四個選項帶入，C, D是比較恰當的，再結合本文章的主旨，應該選擇“占主導地位的，支配地位”這層意思的D選項。A. similar 相似的B. original原始的，獨創(chuàng)的,都不合適。

9．[標準答案] [B]

[考點分析] 上下文語義及名詞詞義辨析

[選項分析] 紙質支票支付擁有能夠____收據的優(yōu)勢，而客戶一般都不愿____。收據當然是由銀行開具，所以只能選擇provide。A. collect 收集收據，C. copy 復印收據，D. print打印收據都和實際生活不符合。

10．[標準答案] [A]

[考點分析] 上下文語義及固定搭配

[選項分析]該動詞短語的賓語是前文的something, 指代上文的advantage，紙質支票支付能夠提供收據這一優(yōu)勢，肯定是消費者不愿放棄的。和優(yōu)勢相搭配的動詞短語不能是B. take over接管，也不能是C. bring back拿回來，D. pass down傳遞、遺傳也不符合。A. give up放棄一種優(yōu)勢，符合語境，為正確答案。

11．[標準答案] A

[考點分析] 上下文邏輯關系

[選項分析] 本句是來解釋 “float”的。空格前面意為“需要花幾天”后半句意為紙支票兌現。上文提到講紙支票的兌現不像是電子支票，是不會馬上完成的，所以在紙支票在兌現前要是需要時間的。A before “在。。。之前”。B after “在。。。之后”。C since “自從”。D when “當。。。的時候”。結合上下文意思，很明顯只有A符合語境。#p#分頁標題#e#

12. [標準答案] D

[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析

[選項分析] 從“and”一詞可以看出此題與此11題緊密相連，若能正確理解上一題，此處就很容易選出。意思是在紙支票兌現及錢從帳戶取出之前，A kept “保持”。B borrowed “借”。C released “釋放，發(fā)布”。D withdraw “取錢”。所以結合上下文可以得出只有D項符合語境。

13．[標準答案] C

[考點分析] 上下文邏輯關系

[選項分析]前句子含義是電子支票是及時的，后半句含義是用戶不能享有“浮動”帶來有好處?？梢钥闯稣湓捠且粋€因為關系。A .Unless “除非”。 B .Until “直到。。。才”。C.Because “因為”。D .Though “然而”。根據上下文含義，應選C.

14．[標準答案] C

[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析

[選項分析] 此處是一個短句，明顯缺少一個謂語動詞，通過最后一個單詞concerns可以看出本句的含義是電子支付方式引發(fā)安全及隱私的問題。四個選項中只有raise和concerns搭配時符合文意。所以選C。

15. [標準答案] C

[考點分析] 后置定語

[選項分析]存儲信息是通常有固定的動詞store。所以選C。

16. [標準答案] C

[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析

[選項分析] 上文提出電子支票的壞處，本句話意思是“因為這種事情經常發(fā)生”，所以形容意思應為普遍的，但因為本句用的雙重否定表肯定，所以選填詞匯意思應為不普遍的。結合選項A unsafe “不安全”。B unnatural “不自然的”。C uncommon “不是普遍的” D

unclear “不清楚的”。所以只有C項符合本句話意思。

17. [標準答案] A

[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞義辨析

[選項分析] 本句話是講電子支票的存在的風險，含義是那些不道德的人就可能通過轉移帳戶從而偷取別人的存款。動詞應為貶義，可以排除 [B] [C] [D]選項。故選[A]。

18. [標準答案] B

[考點分析] 上下文語義及名詞義辨析

[選項分析] 上文提出電子支票的風險，本句話提出解決辦法，但是防止此類詐騙不是容易的事。結合選項A consideration “考慮”。B prevetion “阻止，防止”。C manipulation “操縱” D jusitification“理由，辯護”。結合語境只有B符合。

19. [標準答案] A

[考點分析] 動詞固定搭配

[選項分析] 根據上下文應該選一個“應對”安全問題含義的動詞詞組，所以可以排除C項和D項，B是“對抗，反抗”，A 是“處理應對”，所以A項是最佳答案。

20. [標準答案] D

[選項分析] 上下文語義及名詞詞義辨析

[考點分析] 本句提出電子支票的另一個風險，電子支票可追蹤包括大量有關個人購物習慣的信息。根據文意可以排除A 項和B項，C path “小路，道路,強調路徑。D trail “痕跡，蹤跡”，符合上下文，所以選D。

　Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”

Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.

In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.

Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.

There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.

In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.

21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______

[A] the impact of technological advances

[B] the alleviation of job pressure

[C] the shrinkage of textile mills

[D] the decline of middle-class incomes

22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______

[A] work on cheap software

[B] ask for a moderate salary

[C] adopt an average lifestyle

[D] contribute something unique

23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______

[A] gains of technology have been erased

[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed

[C] factories are making much less money than before

[D] new jobs and services have been offered

24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____

[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution

[B] to ensure more education for people

[C] ro advance economic globalization

[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century

25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?

[A] New Law Takes Effect

[B] Technology Goes Cheap

[C] Average Is Over

[D] Recession Is Bad

【答案】

【答案詳解】

21．標準答案： A

考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力，解題的關鍵在于定位和辨別細節(jié)信息。

選項分析：根據題干提示信息，我們定位到文章第一段的最后兩句“…a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”， 說如自動化的紡織廠，他們只需要兩個員工“一個人外加一條狗。人是負責喂狗的，狗是讓人不要靠近機器的。”近年來考研閱讀常常用故事或是笑話引出文章所要談論的主題。因此，我們再繼續(xù)看第二段內容。第二段引出文章話題：全球化和信息科技革命進步是造成失業(yè)率居高不下、中產階級收入下降的主要原因。因此選擇答案A。選項B為就業(yè)壓力的緩解，與本文談論話題向左；
選項C現代紡織廠規(guī)模的縮減，望文生義；
選項D中產階級收入的減少，不是文章談論的重點，文章重在談論造成中產階級收入的減少的原因。

22. 標準答案： D

考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的把握能力，解題的關鍵在于定位和辨別細節(jié)信息。

選項分析：根據題干提示信息，我們定位到文章第三段的倒數第二句“Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra — their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment”，“因此，人人都需要有另外的價值：異于常人的獨特價值能夠讓他們在各自的雇傭市場上脫穎而出。” stand out與題干中的successful同義復現，題干中問我們?yōu)榱顺蔀槌晒Φ墓蛦T，他必須怎么做。答案D中的contribute something unique是對their unique value contribution的同義改寫，因此，答案選擇D。其他三個選項均與文章內容不相符合。選項A，work on cheap software繼續(xù)生產廉價的軟件；
選項B，ask for a moderate salary索要適當的薪水；
選項C，adopt an average lifestyle選擇一般的生活方式。#p#分頁標題#e#

23. 標準答案：B

考點分析：此題考查考生對文章細節(jié)信息的定位和理解能力。此類題目的解題關鍵在于根據題干信息定位，本題的“Paragraph 4”，“quotation”即為定位信息。

選項分析：根據第四段引用的Davidson的原話，“2009年之前的十年內，美國工廠裁撤工人速度之快，基本上等于過去70年新增的工人數量；
大概每三個工作崗位就有一個崗位消失了，總共約有600萬之多。”可知引用這段話的主題為裁員，且速度很快，這符合B項工作機會急速消失，故此項為正確答案。AC兩項文章中沒有提到，D項和B項互為相反項，結合文章來看工作機會在消失而不是出現了新的工作機會，故D項錯誤。

24. 標準答案：B

考點分析：此題考查考生對文章的細節(jié)信息的把握能力，關鍵在于定位和對文章的理解。

選項分析：根據題干信息提示“unemployment”，結合自然段定位法，我們不難定位到文章倒數第二段最后一句“Here are the latest unemployment rates from…”下面是美國勞工局對美國25歲以上人群的最新失業(yè)率統計：高中學歷都沒有的失業(yè)率為13.8%；
有高中學歷，但沒有大學學歷的為8.7%；
有大學或大專學歷的為7.7%；
有學士甚至更高學位的只有4.1%。從這句話可知失業(yè)率主要和員工的受教育程度相關。因此如果想要減少失業(yè)率，最重要的應該是選項B“確保更多的人受到教育”。ACD項均和文章不符。

25. 標準答案：C

考點分析：本題考核的知識點是全文主旨。可以根據文章中的主要內容作答，亦可以根據以上題目的共同焦點作答。

選項分析：文章第一段通過一個笑話指出現代化社會技術的進步程度，使得勞動力大大減少。其余各段進一步論證了失業(yè)率的增加，因此一個追求平庸的時代已經結束了，人們需要提高自身教育水平，才能夠保證不被淘汰。最后一段第一句話再次強調說平庸時代已經正式結束了。因此選項C為最恰當的標題。A項“新的法律要實施”僅在最后一段提到一句，不能涵蓋文章主旨。B項“科技走向廉價”不符合文意。D項“經濟衰退有害”與文章無關。

　Text 2

A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.

Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We pide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.

Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.

With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.

Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.

26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____

[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.

[B] leave their home countries for good.

[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.

[D] find permanent jobs overseas.

27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____

[A] needs new immigrant categories.

[B] has loosened control over immigrants.

[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.

[D] has been fixeed via political means.

28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___

[A] fiancial incentives.

[B] a global recognition.

[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.

[D] the freedom to stay and leave.

29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __

[A] as faithful partners.

[B] with economic favors.

[C] with legal tolerance.

[D] as mighty rivals.

30 which of the best title for the passage?

[A] come and go: big mistake.

[B] living and thriving : great risk.

[C] with or without : great risk.

[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.

【答案詳解】

26．【答案】C （stay in a foreign temporarily）

【解析】詞匯題。根據題干關鍵詞定位，定位到第一段最后一句。在這句中，They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.，they 這個代詞承前指代，指四分之一的意大利移民。有些人要再美國定居（permanent home），但是一些人只是在美國暫時居住,要回國（had no intention to stay）.一定要注意理解這個倒裝結構:Along with …. came those who……,那些沒有要回國的是我們要強調的。通過這句我們能選擇出C選項。這A項只是說一世紀前的橫跨大西洋的移民們，沒有說birds of passage來自于哪里。B項雖然有for good 但是與原文意思相反。原文是移民們會永遠的回到意大利，而不是選項當中的離開自己的祖國。D項文中首段并未提及。

27．【答案】C （should be adopted to meet challenges）

【解析】推理題。題干要求在第二段。原文“We don’t need more categories”可以排除A選項。文章“Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants.”我們目前有更加嚴格的對待移民以及“ We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal.”我們需要超越這種合法和不合法的嚴格定義。就知道目前是很嚴格的。我們還沒有選項中的“has loosened control over immigrants.”對移民的放松控制。B 項排除。文章也并沒有說這個制度被政治方式所修復。政治確實出現在文章中，但是只是說“the long political paralysis”長期的政治麻痹與原文不符。故排除。“To start …We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.”首先承認這些短暫移民的存在，然后解決移民的挑戰(zhàn)。是C選項的同義替換。

28．【答案】D （the freedom to stay and leave）

【解析】細節(jié)題。根據關鍵詞定位，可定位到第三段。 “They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them .They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.”他們喜歡隨著機會的來臨，來去都自如。他們可以在一地工作，也可以再另外的地方成家。強調的是機會和來去自如。D項是這句的同義替換。A項是對原文的片面理解。“They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas”不僅僅是來自金錢的刺激（financial incentives），還有有工作和各種理念。B在文中未提及。文中只是說道“global economy” ，沒有提“global recognition”，C項中的regular jobs（一般工作）在文中未提及，也是對文意的曲解。

29．【答案】C （with legal tolerance）

【解析】推理題。根據題干，可定位到第五段。題干問到“根據作者，這些短暫移民者應該以何種方式被對待” “Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system”意思是 “我們應該超越移民合法性方面的文化之爭，重現看待中間地帶，充分意識到當今的移民管理體系需要各種途徑，從而取得多樣化的結果，來解決現今移民體系下用法律手段很難解決的問題”暗含了C項中tolerance也就是對“multiple paths and multiple outcomes”的改寫。A、B和D項在文中未提及。#p#分頁標題#e#

30．【答案】D （legal or illegal: big mistake）

【解析】主旨大意題。文章第二段第二句中提到“We pide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal” “我們把新移民分為2類：合法和不合法移民.” 同時作者認為“We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal，” “我們不需要合法和不合法移民這樣嚴格的定義”這說明這種分類是錯誤的。另外，文章最后一段最后一句“Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.”“包括在現行移民體系中不容易合法的實現一些事情”也反映了文章的中心。也就是說合法和不合法的分類是錯誤的。故選D。 A項說短暫移民們的移動是個錯誤。沒有體現文章主旨。B和C項都說是risk（風險）跟文章無關。

Text 3

Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.

Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.

But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.

Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.

John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.

Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.

31. The time needed in making decisions may____.

[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation

[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction

[C] depend on the importance of the assessment

[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment

32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.

[A] can be associative

[B] are not unconscious

[C] can be dangerous

[D] are not impulsive

33. Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should____.

[A] trust our first impression

[B] do as people usually do

[C] think before we act

[D] ask for expert advice

34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.

[A] critical assessment

[B]‘‘thin sliced ’’study

[C] sensible explanation

[D] adequate information

35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.

[A] tolerant

[B] uncertain

[C] optimistic

[D] doubtful

31．【答案】 [D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment

【解析】細節(jié)題。題干問的是“作決定過程中所需的時間或許可以_____”。文章第一段提到“如果我們在做出反應之前花點兒時間來思考，那么將會減少甚至消除我們快速反應所帶來的負面影響”，也就是說我們做決定所花的時間決定了我們判斷的準確性。此外，此選項中的“accuracy” 為“accurately ”的同詞異形，故此項為正確答案。選項A表達“依形勢緊急性而定”錯在無中生有﹔選項B“証明大腦反映的復雜性”，也是無中生有﹔選項C “取決于評估的重要性”，也與原文不符合，故排除。

32．【答案】[A] can be associative

【解析】細節(jié)題。題干問的是“我們對于快餐商標的反應速度表明決定是_____樣的”,由題干的關鍵詞“fast-food logo”我們可以定位到第三段。第三段開頭說，讓人做出倉促決定的刺激因素不僅限于人際關系范圍內。緊接著一句說人們對快餐商標的反應速度比一般閱讀速度快。下一句闡述了原因：因為人們無意識地（unconsciously）將“快餐”與“速度”和“心急”聯系在一起，并將這些沖動付諸行動。A說決定是有聯系性的正確，因為人們將“快餐”與“速度”，“心急”聯系在了一起。B說決定是無意識的，與原文意思相反；
C說決定是危險的，原文未提及；
D說決定是不沖動的，與原文意思相悖排除。

33．【答案】[C] think before we act

【解析】細節(jié)題。先看題干說“為了逆轉倉促決定所帶來的影響，我們應該_____”。 根據題干定位到第四段。第四段通過兩個例子說明我們應該怎樣克服負面影響，第一個例子表示“如果我們會對消費產品或者房產選擇做出“過度反應”，我們可以在購買之前先思考一會兒”，由此可說明我們應該在行動之前先思考來消除負面影響，因此選擇答案C。其他選項均不符合題意。

34．【答案】[D] adequate information

【解析】細節(jié)題。題干問的是“John Gottman認為可靠的快速反映是基于_____的。”由題干John Gottman 定位到全文倒數第二段。其中第一句：John Gottman, ...explains that we quickly “thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in ”thick sliced”long-term study. 婚姻專家約翰.古德曼解釋說，我們快速反應的信息的可靠性是建立在這樣的快速反應的行為是以長期的研究為基礎而做出的快速反應行為。其中ground是題干中base on 的同意置換，long-term study長期的研究與D選項adequate information相互呼應。由此可判斷出[D] adequate information（足夠的信息）是本題正解。

35．【答案】[C] optimistic

【解析】態(tài)度題。根據35題題干reversing the high-speed trend是全文的最后一句，所以解此題可先定位到全文的最后一段。最后一段最后兩句：Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.譯為 “盡管技術可能改變我們反應的方式，但是它并沒有改變我們的本性。我們仍然有能力去克服誘惑并扭轉這種高速度的趨勢。” 由此我們可以看出作者的態(tài)度是非常確定的，因此[C] optimistic（樂觀的）是正解。

Text4

Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.

The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.

Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?

“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,”according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.

I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.

After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position— no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.

If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.

36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.

[A] women take the lead

[B] men have the final say

[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed

[D] senior management is family-friendly

37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.

[A] a reflection of gender balance

[B] a reluctant choice

[C] a response to Reding’s call

[D] a voluntary action

38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.

[A] get top business positions

[B] see through the glass ceiling

[C] balance work and family

[D] anticipate legal results

39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.

[A] skepticism

[B] objectiveness

[C] indifference

[D] approval

40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.

[A] more social justice

[B] massive media attention

[C] suitable public policies

[D] greater “soft pressure”

36．【答案】B men have the final say

【解析】根據題干中的關鍵詞European corporate workplace，定位到文章的第一段.第一句話就明確指出歐洲不是一個性別平等的天堂。接著說，尤其是工作場所從來不是徹底友好的，公司的高層仍舊是清一色的男性。選項B，男性有最后的話語權，是這句話的同義替換，所以正確。

37．【答案】A a reflection of gender balance

【解析】根據題干的關鍵詞The European Union，定位到第二段首句，intended legislation是對is now considering legislation的同義改寫。該句意思為“歐洲國家現在考慮立法來迫使公司董事讓婦女的比例達到60%”，因此立法是為了保持性別的平衡。B選項的reluctant是對第5段的Reding’s reluctance出的干擾項，并不是說European Union的立法。C選項a response to Reding’s call不正確，Reding號召的是voluntary action， D也是干擾項，而真正的立法緣由是對gender balance的反思，所以A項正確，也是文章中心的反映。

38．【答案】A get top business positions

【解析】定位至第4段，Reding說自己不喜歡quotas，后面出現了but，他真正的觀點在but之后，他說他喜歡quotas所做的事情，即get action，后面的冒號是對get action的解釋。核心的答案在a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions。a result是前面內容的同位語，進一步補充說明，所以選A。B項see through the glass ceiling是對原文break through the glass ceiling的望文生義，屬于膚淺選項，也和原文意思不符。C和D選項屬于無中生有。

39．【答案】D approval

【解析】本題問的是作者對Reding的呼吁的態(tài)度。Reding的appeal最早出現在第二段，但是根據自然段界定原則，上一題是第四段，所以這道題只能從第五段開始。作者在第五段給出了自己的觀點，先是說可以理解Reding，自己本身也不喜歡quotas，但是“既然現在meritocratic ideal（精英管理的理想）有障礙，確實需要一種強制的手段，即強制設定男女比例。”所以可以看出作者是持“贊成”的態(tài)度。

40．【答案】C suitable public policies

【解析】題干中的women entering top management become headlines是對第6段第二句話when women do break through to the summit of the corporate power的同義改寫，become headlines是對后面for example所舉的Sheryl Sandberg的事例的概括。答案出現在第7段開頭。第7段是提出一種解決措施，“If appropriate pubic choices were in place to help all women, ...Sandberg would be no more newsworthy...”，這個句子是if虛擬條件句，是對未來的一種美好展望，也是提出觀點的一種方式，意思是“如果有合理的公共政策來幫助所有的女性，Sandberg也就沒有報道價值了”。所以正確答案是C，因為缺少“suitable public policies”。

Part B

Directions:

You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)　

[A] Live like a peasant

[B] Balance your diet

[C] Shopkeepers are your friends

[D] Remember to treat yourself

[E] Stick to what you need

[F] Planning is evervthing

[G] Waste not, want not

The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.

41._____________________

Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.

42____________________________________________________________

This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.

43_________

You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.

44___________________________________

Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, Theyil let you have for free.#p#分頁標題#e#

45__________________

You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - £1.75 a week for three months gives you £21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch at

Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.

【答案】

41 F

42 E

43 G

44 C

45 D

【答案詳解】

2013年新題型不出所料，考到了《大綱》里出現的，但過去三年里還沒有考到過的小標題對應題。根據大綱要求，小標題對應題考查的是考生總結信息、理解信息的能力。其解題方法類似于閱讀A 部分的主旨大意題，只是閱讀A要求概括的是文章的主旨，而此種題型要求概括的是段落大意。那么，解題的時候，考生應該抓住的是段落的主旨，須關注主旨句常常出現的位置，即段落的首尾句，那么解題時必將事半功倍。

41.[正確答案]: F

[答案解析] 本段第一句后半句出現了結論性的詞so，因此是做題時需關注的重點。這句話意為“因此要提前計劃好你每周的食譜”。后面第二句第三句都用作者自己的例子來論證提前計劃的好處，故能判斷出第一句為本段主題句。選項F planning is everything, 計劃最重要，能夠概括本段大意，故為正確答案。

42. [正確答案]: E

[答案解析] 本段最后一句話“如果你安排合理，就能知道你需要的只是，比如350克牛脛骨和6片培根，而不是超市冷柜里里重量已定的預先包裝好的東西”也就是說，提前計劃好的話，可以按照自己預想的分量購買自己需要的食品。故只有E 選項 stick to what you need 符合本段的主題，為正確選項。

43. [正確答案]: G

[答案解析] 本段第一句說“你可能會很驕傲的宣稱你冰箱里剩下的只有冷凍的豌豆了，這并不很好。”最后一句話說“如果你有多余的蔬菜，可以做個蔬菜湯， 快要壞掉的水果也可以做成菜或者榨成汁”。因此本段的主旨在于雖然計劃很重要，但多余的東西也并不會被浪費掉，G 選項 waste not, want not 與本段的主旨一致，為正確答案。

44. [正確答案]: C

[答案解析] 本段首句說 “對節(jié)儉的人來說，這是最好的小建議”。隨后提到去小賣店買東西的時候要特別友好，這樣的話很快你就可以很自在的詢問他們是否有一些零零碎碎的你需要的食材，而且很可能都是免費的。故C 選項Shopkeepers are your friends 符合本段主旨，為正確答案。

45. [正確答案]: D

[答案解析] 本段首句說“你不經常出去吃飯， 但每隔幾個月要用的錢去個好的飯店好好吃頓午餐”。因此選項D Remember to treat yourself 是本題的正確答案。

Section III Translation

46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (15 points)

I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week, I’ve been able to do this, since I was 4.

I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does – try to put it to one side. I don't think it's harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn't make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical Hair opened on Broadway on the same day – they both just pop into my mind in the same way.

從過去的53年里隨便找出一天，我都能夠立刻想起那一天我在哪里，那一天發(fā)生了什么新聞，甚至那一天是星期幾。從4歲起，我就能這么做了。

我從來沒有為自己所記住的大量的事情而感到不知所措。我似乎能夠應對這種狀況，能夠有條理地將這些信息記在腦子里。當我想起悲傷的事情時，我會像每個人一樣，盡力把它放在一邊，不去想它。我并不認我因為我的記憶非常清晰，這么做對我來說就很難。強大的記憶力并不能使我的情感更加敏銳和生動。我能夠記得我祖父去世的那一天，以及前一天我們去醫(yī)院的路上所感到的悲傷。同樣，我也能記得同一天在百老匯上演的音樂劇《Hair》——這些事情都以同樣的方式在我腦海里突然浮現。

Section IV Writing

47 Writing

Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to

1) inform them about the details and

2) encourage them to participate 100 words use Li Ming. Don't write your address.(10 points)

【范文及解析】

Dear Classmates,

I am writing to notify you of a charity sale our class will oganize. The detailed arrangements are as follows.

This event will be held in the playground of our university on May 10, 2013, and it will start at 7 and end at 10 o’clock in the evening. At the opening ceremony, our Monitor will make clear that the purpose of the sale is to help children who have dropped out of shool because their family cannot afford their tuitioin.Then is the time for donating activity.

Giving your love is a virtue, so I really appeal to all the students to take part in this event and I will be grateful if you come and give your donation.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

2013年英語二小作文解析

在2012年所有的面授及網課中，跨考老師均預測2013年英語（二）小作文80%的可能性是考察書信。不出所料，今年再次考察了從2010至2012年已經考察過三次的書信。但值得關注的是，今年考察了考研尚未考過的邀請和倡議的結合信，在沖刺與點睛班跨考楊鳳芝老師一再提醒同學們，今年小作文應重點關注之前尚未考過的書信類型，其中就包括邀請信。該題如下：

Directions: 一場慈善義賣將會舉行以幫助那些需要幫助的兒童，要求告訴學生活動細節(jié)并希望所有學生都可以參加。所以，信中必須包括以下內容：說明此次慈善義賣的詳細安排；
期待同學們的參加。雖然考研歷史上尚未考過邀請加倡議的書信，但此封信并不難寫，2012年跨考老師講授英語點睛班詳細講解了各類書信的寫作步驟及注意事項，并提供了模版范文章與常用句子。而且跨考所出版的2013命題人書系《考前8天作文大預測》的第36頁提供了邀請信的范文，該書73頁還提供了萬能模板及經典句型，幾乎均可使用?？缈寂e行的模擬考試中也考過邀請信?？忌绻J真準備過，到上考場前應該已經對邀請信進行過不下三次的練習。值得注意的是，今年的邀請信應結合題目要求，在寫作中加入倡議學生積極參加獻出愛心這一信息點。但是，這一點對考生來說應該不會構成障礙。

需要注意的是，本題是公務信函，文中不應使用縮寫、省略句或口語表達。稱呼可使用“Dear Classmates,”，首段可直接點明目的（通知一個慈善義賣將要舉行），次段需要給出該義賣的詳細安排；
尾段須表示期待學生能夠積極參加。落款需要特別注意，過去三年英語二應用文的落款一直是“Zhang Wei”，但是今年小作文落款要求是“Li Ming”，所以一定不能寫“Zhang Wei”。否則會被扣分或作為作弊卷。

總體來看，今年英語二小作文難度不大，稍微偏簡單。相信學生應該會取得不錯的成績。

Part B (15 points)

48 Write an essay based on the following chart in your writing, you should

(1) interpret the chart, and

(2) give your comments

You should write about 150 words.

某高校學生兼職情況

The Change in College Students’ Thinking Patterns

As is illustrated by the figure in the chart, the number of college students doing part-time jobs has been on rise steadily from 66.77% to 88.24 during the four university life. From the change in the chart, it goes without saying that more and more college students choose to engage in outside programs recently.

Considering these changes, we can find several main reasons. Firstly, with grown-up of the students, most parents tend to support their children to going out to do some social practice. What is more important, the fast changing society has raised higher requirements for college graduates. The authorities of Chinese university or college have been encouraging their students to do part-time jobs in the hope that college students would broaden their view to know more about the society and become more adaptable to the future work after they graduate. Therefore, more students go out traveling or doing social practices during the vacations.#p#分頁標題#e#

As a college student, I think the chart reflects the exciting progress on the college students’ thinking patterns from freshman to senior. We have become much mature to realize how to spend our spare time meaningfully and practically. From the changes in the charts, it is easy for us to predict that more and more college students will walk out their home and throw themselves into more various vacation activities.

2013年的圖表作文，考察柱狀圖的寫作。英語二試卷自2010年誕生，連續(xù)考察了2年柱狀圖，2012年考察了表格作文的寫作，和我們預期的一樣，今年不是延續(xù)考察表格就是柱狀圖。話題方面，2010年考察手機用戶的數量增長，2011年考察汽車品牌的是市場份額，2012年考察公司員工滿意度調查。 2013年的話題，由市場和職場領域，轉向了校園生活。但是觸及了學生從大一到大四對思維的轉變，越來越多的學生注重社會實踐。 同學們寫作中注意：首先是一定要有結論：例：it goes without saying that more and more college students choose to engage in outside programs recently. 然后就是注意：文章的結構和句子應該多使用備考過程中準備好的，不要求新易出錯。

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