2017年湖北成人學(xué)位英語考試語法大全：被動(dòng)語態(tài)

2017年湖北成人學(xué)位英語考試語法大全：被動(dòng)語態(tài)

　　(I)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式是由“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be隨著主語的人稱，數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)和語氣的不同而變化。各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式如下：

　　1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+V(p.p)人們利用電能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)器。

　　People use electricity to run machines. Electricity is used to run machines.

　　Is electricity used to run machines? Yes, it is . / No, it isn't.

　　2.一般過去時(shí)was/were + V(p.p)昨天我們?cè)谏狡律戏N了許多樹。Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday.

　　3.一般將來時(shí)will/shall +be+V(p.p)下星期我們將舉行一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。A sports meeting will be held next week.

　　4.過去將來時(shí)should/would +be+V(p.p) 他告訴我們?nèi)藗儗⒃谒亦l(xiāng)建一個(gè)大水壩。We were told that a big reservoir would be built in his hometown.

　　5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are +being+V(p.p). 他正在油漆房子。He is painting the house. A house is being painted. Is the house being painted? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't .

　　6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were +being+V(p.p)當(dāng)我進(jìn)廚房時(shí)，她正在做蛋糕。A cake was being made when I came into the kitchen.

　　7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has +been+V(p.p)他已經(jīng)結(jié)束工作了。He has finished his work. His work has been finished.

　　8.過去完成時(shí)had +been+V(p.p) 到上個(gè)月為止，他們已經(jīng)把這本書翻譯成了英語。The book had been translated into English by the end of last month.

　　9.將來完成時(shí)will have +been+V(p.p). 2,000 words will have been learned by the end of next year.

　　注：

　　1. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的謂語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+V(p.p)”構(gòu)成。如：The machine must be operated with care.

　　2.含有"be going to"，"be to"等結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語，變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，分別用"be going to +be +V(p.p)"和“be to +be+V(p.p)”。如： The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting.

　　(II)由動(dòng)詞短語形成的被動(dòng)語態(tài)： 一般情況下，只有及物動(dòng)詞才能跟賓語，而不及物動(dòng)詞不能跟賓語，所以只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞則沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。但有些不及物動(dòng)詞后面跟上介詞或副詞后，變成一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，就可以形成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

　　約翰打開了收音機(jī)。John turned on the radio. The radio was turned on.

　　奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister. My sister is taken care of by Grandma.

　　注：千萬不要遺漏介詞或副詞。

　　難點(diǎn)釋疑：

　　主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。在下列情況中，謂語形式是主動(dòng)的，但具有被動(dòng)的含義。

　　The food tastes delicious.這種食物嘗起來很可口。

　　The idea sounds good.這個(gè)主意聽起來不錯(cuò)。

　　The apples sell well.這些蘋果很好賣。

　　The clothes wash well.這些衣服很好洗。

　　一些固定句型表示被動(dòng)含義。

　　a. be worth doing sth The film is well worth seeing.這部電影很值得一看。

　　b. have/ get sb/sth done have作使役動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但可用這種結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)或使役。I had my watch stolen.我的手表被偷了。

　　c. sth need/want/require doing=sth need /want/require to be done The room needs cleaning.=The room needs to be cleaned.這間房屋需要打掃。

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