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湖北2018年成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)明天開考，來(lái)做個(gè)練習(xí)題

閱讀理解：
During times of great crisis,human beings typically turn to one of two strategies: fight or flight.There is, however, a third strategy: learning and deep change.It is based on the principle that all events,especially the most tragic,are ripe with opportunities for learning.

The September 11 terrorists demonstrated expertise in systems theory. They knew that complex systems always have two sides. One is creative and allows for great speed and efficiency (for example, civil aviation aircraft and high-rise office towers). The other is potentially destructive and can generate major catastrophes (using civil aviation against the high-rise target).

All of our current complex systems,including information systems,biotechnology,air travel,nuclear power,and the mail system, have these two major characteristics.All are susceptible to organizational error (the Challenger tragedy),human error (Chernobyl),and terrorism (Oklahoma City).Yet terrorism is the darkest and most dangerous side of our complexity.

In the case of the World Trade Center, terrorists deliberately exploited the “destructive side” of aircraft and highly populated office towers. If one simply joins hijacking with car bombing, and magnifies their effects, then September 11 is the result.

The lesson we must learn from September 11 is that our management practices, private and public, are one-dimensional. Whether it is with regard to civil aviation safety or real estate, our world is dominated by concerns about profitability. These constrain us from implementing needed and proven safety procedures in aviation and high-rise office design. The focus on profitability also pushes our systems to grow unreasonably large, rendering them more vulnerable to terrorist attacks.

Approximately 76％ of the criteria used to measure organizational efficiency are financial. Only 24％　consider no financial indicators such as health, safety, or the global impact that organizations have on communities and the world in general. Devoting more of our attention to no financial indicators can help us develop new strategies to match the complexity of fighting terrorism. The fields of risk and crisis management already use some of these strategies.

1.What is the main idea of the passage?

A. All events are full of opportunities for learning.

B. We can enhance our future security by learning more about our society's complexities.

C. The September 11 terrorist attack is the most destructive disaster of all.

D. Terrorism poses a formidable threat to international security.

BestAnswer:B

詳解:主旨題 本題要求考生歸納出這篇文章的主旨，C、D兩項(xiàng)是文中重要的細(xì)節(jié)，可以排除；
A項(xiàng)干擾性較強(qiáng)，但仔細(xì)研讀文章第一段第二、三兩句，不難看出兩層意思：“學(xué)習(xí)和深刻的變化”，而A項(xiàng)只是原理，是這種策略的基礎(chǔ)。

2. The September 11 terrorist attack is an example of ______.

A. the creative side of systems theory pportunities for learning.

B. the destructive side of systems theory

C. the organizational side of systems theory

D. the sensational side of systems theory

BestAnswer:B

詳解:細(xì)節(jié)理解題 本題要求考生判斷出9.11恐怖襲擊是“the systems theory”系統(tǒng)控制論）的創(chuàng)造性的例證，還是破壞性的例證。根據(jù)文章第二、四兩段，答案應(yīng)為后者。

3.The failure to implement safety procedures needed in aviation and high-rise office design results from ______.

A. the great speed and efficiency of modern society

B. the complexity of various organizations

C. the management style

D. the predominance of concerns about profitability

BestAnswer:D

詳解:細(xì)節(jié)推論題 根據(jù)文章第五段內(nèi)容，我們可知9.11事件給我們的教訓(xùn)是我們的管理是平面的(one-dimensional)，即只關(guān)心贏利(concerns about profitability)，而這種觀念在實(shí)踐中帶來(lái)兩個(gè)后果：一是在航空和高層建筑的設(shè)計(jì)中忽視必要的安全防范措施，另一后果是片面求大。因此本題正確答案是D項(xiàng)。

4.Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?

A. Financial considerations are more important than no financial ones.

B. No financial considerations are more important than financial ones.

C. Financial considerations are as important as no financial ones.

D. We have devoted more of our attention to no financial considerations than is necessary.

BestAnswer:C

詳解:推論題 從文章最后一段中的百分比的對(duì)比和第三句“Devoting more of our attention to no financial indicators can help us...”，可以斷定C項(xiàng)是正確答案。

5.The passage will most probably be followed by a discussion of ______.

A. some strategies of risk and crisis management

B. the global impact of terrorism

C. the measurement of organizational efficiency

D. the development of no financial organizations

BestAnswer:A

詳解:寫作思路題 做此類題務(wù)必要仔細(xì)閱讀文章的開頭或結(jié)尾，尤其是第一個(gè)和最后一個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)，如本題中的“these strategies”。

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