湖北學(xué)位英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料：描寫(xiě)文的寫(xiě)作方法

湖北2014年學(xué)位英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料：描寫(xiě)文的寫(xiě)作方法

1． 描寫(xiě)文

描寫(xiě)文就是用生動(dòng)形象的語(yǔ)言，把人物的狀態(tài)、動(dòng)作或景物的性質(zhì)、特征具體地描繪出來(lái)。描寫(xiě)的主要作用是：再現(xiàn)美麗的自然景色，描寫(xiě)人物的外貌和內(nèi)心世界，交代人物活動(dòng)的自然環(huán)境和社會(huì)環(huán)境。描寫(xiě)的對(duì)象有：人物描寫(xiě)、景物描寫(xiě)和場(chǎng)面描寫(xiě)。

1）常用的描寫(xiě)方法

（1）    速寫(xiě)：抓住描寫(xiě)對(duì)象的主要特征，簡(jiǎn)單幾筆，勾勒出一個(gè)輪廓來(lái)。

（2）    細(xì)描：就是一筆一畫(huà)地精雕細(xì)刻，像繪“工筆畫(huà)”那樣形象逼真的描述。

（3）    白描：不設(shè)喻，不用修飾的言詞，樸實(shí)真切地描述出事物的特征。

（4）    間接描寫(xiě)：對(duì)某一事物不作直接描寫(xiě)，而是通過(guò)描寫(xiě)其他事物對(duì)它的印象、感受或者描寫(xiě)它在周圍事物中所產(chǎn)生的反應(yīng)，從側(cè)面間接表現(xiàn)它的特征，這種方法也叫烘托法。

2）描寫(xiě)文的要領(lǐng)

（1）    要有明確的目的，不能為描寫(xiě)而描寫(xiě)。描寫(xiě)應(yīng)從表現(xiàn)主題，刻畫(huà)人物出發(fā)，切勿隨心所欲地堆砌詞藻。

（2）    要突出特點(diǎn)。描寫(xiě)要有重點(diǎn)，有特點(diǎn)，要少而精。有重點(diǎn)才能給人留下深刻印象；有特點(diǎn)，才能形象鮮明；少而精，才能簡(jiǎn)潔生動(dòng)。

（3）    要抓住事物的特征。事物是千變?nèi)f化的，要想逼真地描繪出它的形態(tài)、狀貌、情景、就必須抓住其獨(dú)具的特征。

The Seasons

The year is divided into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter.

In spring, nature awakens from her long winter sleep. The trees are filled with new life, the earth is warmed by the rays of the sun, and the weather gets gradually milder. The fields and medows are covered with fresh green grass. The woods and forests are filled with the songs of the birds. The sky is blue and cloudless. At night millions of stars shine in the darkness.

When summer comes, the weather gets warmer still and sometimes it’s verh hot. It’s the farmer’s busy season — he works in his fields from morning till night. The grass must be cut and the hay must be made, while the dry weather lasts. Sometimes the skies are overcast with heavy clouds. There are storms with thunder, lighting and hail.

Autumn brings with the harvest-time, when the crops are gathered in and the fruit is picked in the orchards. The days get shorter and the nights linger. The woods turns yellow and brown, leaves begin to fall from the trees, and the ground is covered with them. The skies are grey, and very often it rains.

When winter comes, we’re obliged to spend more time indoors because out of doors it’s cold. We may get fog, sleet and frost. Ponds, lakes, rivers and streams are frozen, and the roads are sometimes covered with slippery ice or deep snow. The trees are bare. Bitter north winds have stripped them of al their leaves.

這篇文章先提出所要描寫(xiě)的主題——四季，接著用具體的細(xì)節(jié)描繪了春夏秋冬。主題的發(fā)展是以自然規(guī)律春夏秋冬為序的。

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