2011年4月英語(yǔ)閱讀(一)自考試題

全國(guó)2011年4月自考
 英語(yǔ)閱讀(一)試題
課程代碼:00595

I. CAREFUL READING
Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)
Passage 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes (運(yùn)動(dòng)員). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances.
Positive reinforcement (加強(qiáng)) should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
1. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ______.
A. to reduce their mental stress
B. to point out their shortcomings
C. to increase their sense of success
D. to make sports more challenging
2. According to the passage, the sport setting is positive for young people in that ______.
A. it enables them to find flaws in themselves
B. it helps them learn more about school life
C. it provides them with valuable experiences
D. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves
3. Many coaches and parents tend to criticize young athletes ______.
A. so that they train harder
B. believing that too much praise is harmful
C. in order to make them remember life lessons
D. without realizing that criticism may destroy their self confidence
4. According to the passage, parents and coaches should ______.
A. train children to cope with stress
B. help children to win every game
C. prevent children from repeated failures
D. encourage children to enjoy themselves and sports
5. The author's purpose in writing the passage is ______.
A. to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout
B. to persuade young athletes not to worry about criticism
C. to stress the importance of positive reinforcement in sports
D. to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement
Passage 2
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
Friedrich Dobl, a Yugoslav (南斯拉夫人) working in Germany, was annoyed with traffic jams. At long weekends and holiday times when he wanted to get home quickly, he always found himself moving slowly with hundreds of other cars along the crowded foreign workers' route through Germany and Austria.
How easy it all was for police and emergency services! A siren (警報(bào)器), a flashing light? And like magic everyone was out of the way. Going home from work one night, he passed a garage. And there in front of him was the answer to his problem. An old ambulance was for sale. The red cross had been removed. But not the flashing light, and the siren. He tried the light. It flashed magnificently. He tried the siren. That too sounded impressive. He bought the ambulance and opened up for himself a dream world of motoring.
It began early in the morning, all his luggage in the back of the ambulance and the motorway in Germany looking reasonably clear. Soon, as always, a long line of traffic appeared ahead. He switched on the flashing light and set off the siren. Cars swiftly slowed and pulled off the fast lane. Other cars stopped and drivers waved him ahead to an open road all his own. In record time he crossed the border into Austria. His trick was working. Police even waved him through the confusion caused by an accident.
But then the Yugoslav made his bad mistake. Until then he had only stopped for petrol. Now he was driving past a real accident, lights flashing, too late to realize that it was not another traffic jam as he assumed. They stopped him, and after hearing the story of his ride across two countries fined him 12.5 pounds.
6. At long weekends and holiday times Friedrich Dobl used to ______.
A. drive home in Germany
B. meet other foreign workers
C. get caught in terrible traffic jams
D. get to the workplace by a quick route
7. The reason why Dobl decided to buy the ambulance was that ______.
A. he had always wanted one
B. he wanted to sell it at a higher price
C. he liked the red cross and the flashing light
D. he knew that other cars would make way for an ambulance
8. In what condition was the ambulance he bought?
A. It was shabby and untidy.
B. The siren worked wonderfully.
C. The light did not flash properly.
D. The red cross was vaguely seen.
9. Armed with the ambulance, Dobl found that ______.
A. all the cars stopped and made way for him
B. the police were busy clearing the way of traffic
C. it was such fun to get out of the traffic confusion in Germany
D. he could cross the border into Austria in the shortest possible time
10. The most appropriate title for the story would be ______.
A. "A Happy Drive!"  B. "A Tough Drive!"
C. "A Safe Way Home?"  D. "A Quick Way Home?"
Passage 3
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
If it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to find the gifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairly simple. The public school system, however, has no such choice, for the jobs must be carried on at the same time. Because we depend heavily upon science and technology for our progress, we must produce specialists in many fields. Because we live in a democratic nation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, large numbers of us must be educated to understand, to support, and when necessary, to judge the work of experts. The public school must educate both producers and users of scientific services.
In education, there should be a good balance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment. Such a balance is defeated by too much emphasis on any other field. This question of balance involves not only the relation of the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative emphasis among the natural sciences themselves.
Similarly, we must have a balance between current and classical knowledge.The attention of the public is continually drawn to the discovery of new knowledge; it should not be allowed to turn our attention away from the sound, established materials that form the basis of