自學(xué)考試“高級(jí)英語”復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)（五）

　　（三）推斷、引申題

　　該題形難度較大，要求考生在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)文章中所闡述的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)和上下文的暗示與線索進(jìn)行綜合分析，然后做出推斷或引申出合情合理的結(jié)論。

　　這種題型的常用提問方式有：

　　1） According to the article， many people may…。

　　2） An inference which may （not） be made from the article is…

　　3） In the paragraph following this one， we may expect the author to discuss…

　　4） It can be concluded from the passage that…

　　5） The paragraph preceding （following） this one may discuss…。

　　6） The passage implies that…

　　7） We can conclude （infer， see） from the article that…。

　　8） What conclusion can be drawn from the passage？‘

　　9） Where wou1d this paragraph most probab1y appear？

　　10） Which of the following can （not） be inferred from the article？

　　例如：

　　Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as we1l as those of a myriad of services， including labor， transportation， and public–utility services. The interrelationships of al1 these prices make up the “system” of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad， complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything e1se.

　　If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define “price”， many would rep1y that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or， in other words， that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. The definition is， of course， valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction， much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and seller should be familiar with not only the money amount， but with the amount and qua1ity of the product or service to be exchanged， the time and place at which the exchange will take p1ace and payment will be made， the form of money to be used， the credit terms and discounts that supply to the transaction， guarantees on the product or service， delivery terms， return privileges， and other factors. In other words， both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total “package” being exchanged for the asked—for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.

　　Question： The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses_______.

　　A. unusual ways to advertise products

　　B. types of payment plans for service

　　C. theories about how products affect different levels of society

　　D. how certain elements of price “package” influence its market value

　　解答：選D.

　　本題要求推斷本文后續(xù)段落的段意。根據(jù)文章最后一句“…both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors…in order that they may evaluate a given price.”買賣雙方都要了解所有價(jià)格體系的決定因素，以便對(duì)實(shí)際價(jià)格做出評(píng)估。后面的段落將按邏輯討論這些要素，由此選擇D為答案。

　?。ㄋ模┱`判斷題

　　通常詢問文章中所述的事情是否真實(shí)，某種提法是否正確或文章（作者）是否提及某事。常見題形如下：

　　1） All of the following are true except……

　　2） The author （passage） does not tell us……

　　3） The author mentions all of the items 1isted below except……

　　4） Which of the following does not explain…… ？

　　5） Which of the following is NOT listed as…… ？

　　6） Which of the following is （not） mentioned in the article？

　　7） Which of the following statements is （not） true？

　　8） Which of the following statements is wrong according to the author？

　　例如：

　　How men first learnt to invent words is unknown； in other words， the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men， unlike animals， somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings， actions and things， so that they could communicate with each other； and that later they agreed upon certain signs， called letters， which could be combined to represent those sounds， and which could be written down. Those sounds， whether spoken or written in letters， we call words.

　　The power of words， then， lies in their associations —— the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience； and the longer we live， the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past； and the more we read and 1earn， the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.

　　Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but a1so express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming use of words is what we call literary style. Above all， the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music， and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately， or they wil1 make our speech silly and dull.

　　Question： Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true？

　　A. He is no more a master of words than an ordinary person.

　　B. He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music.

　　C. He can move men to tears.

　　D. His style is a1ways charming.

　　解答：選A.

　　這是一道是非題，需要找出一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)文章最后一段，B，C，D三個(gè)

　　選項(xiàng)都是對(duì)的，必須排除。而A項(xiàng)說：一位真正的詩人并不比普通人能更好地掌握和運(yùn)用

　　詞語。這一說法顯然是不對(duì)的（NOT true about the real poet），正符合題意。 A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

　?。ㄎ澹┳髡邞B(tài)度題

　　該類題型是閱讀理解部分最難的地方，要求考生根據(jù)文章領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的態(tài)度和情緒。這類題要求考生從文章中作者論述問題的方法、行文的語氣和措辭中來把握作者對(duì)人與事的好惡，了解作者的態(tài)度和情感。

　　常用的提問方式有：

　　1） By using the expression “……”， the author implies that…。

　　2） From the passage we know that the author ——。

　　3） How does the author fee1 about？

　　4） It can be seen from the passage that the author regards with ——。

　　5） The author of the passage seems to be…

　　6） The author seems to be in favor of the idea of…

　　7） The author‘s attitude towards…… might be best summarized as—’

　　8） The author‘s purpose of writing this article is…

　　9） What does the writer think of …… ？

　　10） What‘s the author’s opinion （attitude）？

　　11） What‘s the tone of the passage？

　　12） Which of the fo1lowing the author is most likely to agree with？

　　例如：

　　Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course， there have always been people who have looked for adventure —— those who have climbed the highest mountains， explored unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now， however， there are people who seek an immediate excitement from a risky activity which may on1y last a few minutes or even seconds.

　　I would consider bungee jumping to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place （perhaps a bridge or a hot-air balloon） 200 meters above the ground with an e1astic rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is estimated that two million people around the world have now tried bunge